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About ________ percent of people who regularly listen to National Public Radio do not donate money to their local station.


A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70
E) 90

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The most fully organized interests are those that have which of the following as their primary purpose?


A) environmental protection
B) economic activity
C) civil liberties
D) labor reform
E) reform of government

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Compare outside lobbying and inside lobbying.

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Inside lobbying is based on close contac...

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Roughly how many American workers currently belong to unions?


A) one in two
B) one in four
C) one in six
D) one in eight
E) one in ten

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The Supreme Court ruling in Citizens United v.Federal Election Commission (2010) ultimately led to the creation of


A) super PACs.
B) PACs.
C) election reform.
D) independent-expenditure-committees (IECs) .
E) the AARP.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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James Madison argued


A) against all interest groups.
B) for the advocacy of self-interest free from all systems of restraint.
C) for regulation of interests through a governing system of checks and balances.
D) for the replacement of interest groups by formal political parties.
E) for a powerful judiciary.

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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The limits of interest groups' influence might be gauged by the Democratic backlash against the ________,which tried to block the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1993.


A) ACLU
B) Sierra Club
C) Izaak Walton League
D) AARP
E) AFL-CIO

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The term iron triangle refers to


A) a tightly-knit set of lobbying groups.
B) the relationship among the Congress,the military,and defense contractors.
C) a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats,legislators,and lobbyists who are concerned with promoting a particular interest.
D) the strategy of lobbying all three branches of government simultaneously.
E) a corrupt relationship among the president,Congress,and the Supreme Court.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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PAC contributions account for about ________ percent of total contributions to congressional campaigns.


A) 6
B) 11
C) 25
D) 41
E) 60

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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A purposive incentive is defined as


A) a goal of direct economic gain.
B) the opportunity to contribute to a worthy goal or purpose.
C) a goal benefiting a specific group.
D) any common purpose that brings groups together.
E) corporate profit.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Define economic groups.Identify four types of economic interest groups and the constituencies they serve. D.C.,concentrate their activities on policies that are concerned with business.Business interests are also represented by associations such as the National Association of Manufacturers and the U.S.Chamber of Commerce.Labor groups seek to promote policies that benefit workers in general and union members in particular.They have been politically active for a long time,and the AFL-CIO is the largest labor group.Farm groups represent various segments of the farm community; for example,the American Farm Bureau Federation promotes agribusiness and large farms,while the Farmers Union promotes the interests of smaller family farms.Professional groups,such as the American Medical Association,represent various professions and attempt to influence policy on their behalf.

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Economic groups promote the economic int...

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The dominant labor interest group is


A) the Teamsters Union.
B) United Auto Workers.
C) the AFL-CIO.
D) the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.
E) the Communication Workers of America.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The influence of interest groups through the courts occurs through


A) initiating lawsuits.
B) lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench.
C) outside lobbying only.
D) PACs.
E) both initiating lawsuits and lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Members of the ________ generate more mail to Congress than any other group.


A) NRA
B) ACLU
C) NAACP
D) AARP
E) NEA

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following groups primarily uses litigation as its lobbying method?


A) NRA
B) ACLU
C) NAACP
D) AARP
E) NEA

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The most numerous economic groups are


A) labor groups.
B) business groups.
C) professional groups.
D) occupational groups.
E) farm groups.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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B

Identify the defining characteristics of an interest group.How do interest groups differ from political parties?

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An interest group is any organization that actively seeks to influence public policy.Interest groups are a linkage mechanism,serving to connect citizens with government.Although political parties are also linkage mechanisms,they serve a much broader range of issues in order to appeal to more constituents.Interest groups concentrate on trying to change specific policies,while political parties have winning elections as their primary goal.Interest groups also handle some issues,particularly controversial ones,that political parties neglect or deliberately avoid.

An interest group that focuses on policy benefits for senior citizens would be an example of


A) a philosophical interest group.
B) an ideological group.
C) a professional group.
D) a business group.
E) a single-issue group.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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In the dynamics of an iron triangle,what benefit do interest groups provide to friendly government agencies?


A) services for constituents
B) travel funds
C) campaign contributions
D) administration of mutually beneficial policies
E) lobbying support for agency programs

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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E

Another name for an interest group is


A) pressure group.
B) cabal.
C) political party.
D) coalition.
E) constituency.

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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