Question 1

After two years of intense publications (four per year) , Ela's research productivity drops to one published paper per year. What term best explains Ela's fewer publications after two years of intense productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)   overconfidence bias
B)   base-rate fallacy
C)   regression toward the average
D)   schemataE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 2

According to the textbook, one reason for overconfidence is that people tend to

Accepted Answer

A)   justify their judgments.
B)   deny their mistakes.
C)   forget their mistaken judgments.
D)   recall their mistaken judgments as times when they were almost right.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Among the explanations below, which one can best explain our illusion of control over certain outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)   We fail to see our susceptibility to base-rate fallacy.
B)   We fail to recognize the statistical phenomenon of regression toward the average.
C)   We fail to see the operation of the representativeness heuristic.
D)   We fail to recognize our tendency to counterfactual thinking.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Counterfactual thinking occurs when we can easily picture an alternative outcome of an event and underlies our

Accepted Answer

A)   prediction of future.
B)   feelings of luck.
C)   estimation of probability.
D)   calculation of the event happened in the past.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following terms might be used to describe best mental shortcuts?

Accepted Answer

A)   base-rate fallacy
B)   hindsight bias
C)   illusion of control
D)   heuristicE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Which of the following is the most likely attribution to be made by someone in an unhappy marriage?

Accepted Answer

A)   "She was late because of heavy traffic."
B)   "She was late because she got tied up at the office."
C)   "She was late because she doesn't care about me."
D)   "She was late because it took so long to check out at the grocery store."E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Upon finding your old report cards, you're surprised that you were just an average student in grade school rather than the "A" student you remember being. What best accounts for this discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

A)   The overconfidence phenomenon
B)   Counterfactual thinking
C)   Rosy retrospection
D)   Hindsight biasE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

The act of automatic (uncontrolled)  activation of particular associations in our memory is best known as the

Accepted Answer

A)   priming effect.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   the misinformation effect.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

As we examine our beliefs or theories and explain how they may be true,

Accepted Answer

A)   the more uncertain we become of them.
B)   the more closed we become to discrediting information.
C)   the more open we are likely to become to discrediting information.
D)   the more complex our theories are likely to become.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

According to your text, research shows that people who perceive their opponents as noncooperative will readily induce them to be _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cooperative
B)   noncooperative
C)   indifferent
D)   motivatedE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Steve is typically very confident about his opinions and beliefs - in fact, he is usually more confident than he is accurate about certain things. Steve's thinking illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   illusory correlation.
B)   the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.
C)   the overconfidence phenomenon.
D)   belief perseverance.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Jennifer is home alone and has just finished watching the movie re-make of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre. She hears a noise in her garage and becomes very afraid as she thinks someone may be trying to break into her house. This example best represents the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   the priming effect.
C)   counterfactual thinking.
D)   belief perseverance.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

Which of the following statements about memory is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Memories are copies of past experiences that remain on deposit in a memory bank until withdrawn.
B)   We easily and unconsciously reconstruct our memories to suit our current knowledge.
C)   People often recall mildly pleasant events more favourably than they experienced them.
D)   We not only forget ideas and beliefs, we also forget our previous attitudes.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

According to the text, "mood infusion" refers to how

Accepted Answer

A)   peoples' memories and judgments change with their mood.
B)   peoples' moods change with a change in their thoughts and knowledge.
C)   people prefer to make judgments based on their moods not thoughts.
D)   people are unaware that their moods have an effect on their thoughts.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

According to Kelley's theory of attributions, when our behaviour has a high degree of consensus with others and is distinctive, we would likely make ____________ attributions about the cause of behaviour. On the other hand, when behaviour has low consensus and low distinctiveness, we are likely to make _____________ attributions about the cause of behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)   external; internal
B)   internal; external
C)   external; situational
D)   internal; dispositionalE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Videotaped confessions are more likely to lead to convictions when the tape

Accepted Answer

A)   focuses on the confessor.
B)   focuses on the interrogator.
C)   focuses on both the confessor and the interrogator.
D)   None of these choicesE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Gus is in a terrific mood on the day goes to look for a new car. He instantly decides to buy the second car he test-drives. If Gus had been in a bad mood, what type of decision might he have made about a car purchase?

Accepted Answer

A)   He would not have gone car shopping at all.
B)   He would have bought the first car he test drove.
C)   He would have taken more time to make a decision.
D)   There would have been no difference in his decision.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

For a school debate, Sally has been asked to argue in favour of abortion. Research on the fundamental attribution error suggests that observers of Sally's speech will conclude that her arguments

Accepted Answer

A)   reflect her true attitude on the topic.
B)   reflect a tendency to present herself favourably.
C)   are weak because she was assigned to present a particular position on the topic.
D)   will lead her to experience cognitive dissonance.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

When explaining why Edgar is having trouble with his new computer, which of the following questions deals with consistency rather than with distinctiveness or consensus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Does Edgar have trouble with other computers, or only this one?
B)   Does Edgar usually have trouble with his computer?
C)   Do other people have similar problems with this computer?
D)   All of these choices.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Research by Gilbert and colleagues show that it takes ____ mental effort to assess social effects on someone's behaviour than merely to attribute it to a disposition.

Accepted Answer

A)   less
B)   more
C)   no
D)   considerableE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments

For a school debate, Sally has been asked to argue in favour of abortion. Research on the fundamental attribution error suggests that observers of Sally's speech will conclude that her arguments

Correct Answer
verified

Upon finding your old report cards, you're surprised that you were just an average student in grade school rather than the "A" student you remember being. What best accounts for this discrepancy?

Correct Answer
verified

Steve is typically very confident about his opinions and beliefs - in fact, he is usually more confident than he is accurate about certain things. Steve's thinking illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

After two years of intense publications (four per year) , Ela's research productivity drops to one published paper per year. What term best explains Ela's fewer publications after two years of intense productivity?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the textbook, one reason for overconfidence is that people tend to

Correct Answer
verified

As we examine our beliefs or theories and explain how they may be true,

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Videotaped confessions are more likely to lead to convictions when the tape

Correct Answer
verified

According to your text, research shows that people who perceive their opponents as noncooperative will readily induce them to be _____________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following terms might be used to describe best mental shortcuts?

Correct Answer
verified

Gus is in a terrific mood on the day goes to look for a new car. He instantly decides to buy the second car he test-drives. If Gus had been in a bad mood, what type of decision might he have made about a car purchase?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is the most likely attribution to be made by someone in an unhappy marriage?

Correct Answer
verified

The act of automatic (uncontrolled) activation of particular associations in our memory is best known as the

Correct Answer
verified

Research by Gilbert and colleagues show that it takes ____ mental effort to assess social effects on someone's behaviour than merely to attribute it to a disposition.

Correct Answer
verified

Among the explanations below, which one can best explain our illusion of control over certain outcomes?

Correct Answer
verified

Counterfactual thinking occurs when we can easily picture an alternative outcome of an event and underlies our

Correct Answer
verified

Jennifer is home alone and has just finished watching the movie re-make of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre. She hears a noise in her garage and becomes very afraid as she thinks someone may be trying to break into her house. This example best represents the concept of

Correct Answer
verified

According to the text, "mood infusion" refers to how

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about memory is false?

Correct Answer
verified

When explaining why Edgar is having trouble with his new computer, which of the following questions deals with consistency rather than with distinctiveness or consensus?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments

For a school debate, Sally has been asked to argue in favour of abortion. Research on the fundamental attribution error suggests that observers of Sally's speech will conclude that her arguments

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Upon finding your old report cards, you're surprised that you were just an average student in grade school rather than the "A" student you remember being. What best accounts for this discrepancy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Steve is typically very confident about his opinions and beliefs - in fact, he is usually more confident than he is accurate about certain things. Steve's thinking illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After two years of intense publications (four per year) , Ela's research productivity drops to one published paper per year. What term best explains Ela's fewer publications after two years of intense productivity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the textbook, one reason for overconfidence is that people tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As we examine our beliefs or theories and explain how they may be true,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Videotaped confessions are more likely to lead to convictions when the tape

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to your text, research shows that people who perceive their opponents as noncooperative will readily induce them to be _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following terms might be used to describe best mental shortcuts?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gus is in a terrific mood on the day goes to look for a new car. He instantly decides to buy the second car he test-drives. If Gus had been in a bad mood, what type of decision might he have made about a car purchase?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the most likely attribution to be made by someone in an unhappy marriage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The act of automatic (uncontrolled) activation of particular associations in our memory is best known as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research by Gilbert and colleagues show that it takes ____ mental effort to assess social effects on someone's behaviour than merely to attribute it to a disposition.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Among the explanations below, which one can best explain our illusion of control over certain outcomes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Counterfactual thinking occurs when we can easily picture an alternative outcome of an event and underlies our

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jennifer is home alone and has just finished watching the movie re-make of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre. She hears a noise in her garage and becomes very afraid as she thinks someone may be trying to break into her house. This example best represents the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, "mood infusion" refers to how

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about memory is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When explaining why Edgar is having trouble with his new computer, which of the following questions deals with consistency rather than with distinctiveness or consensus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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