Question 1

A bacterial cell has a nonsense mutation that prevents it from producing a functional sigma subunit for RNA polymerase.Inability to synthesize a functional sigma subunit would have the most direct effect on

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription initiation.
B)  transcription elongation.
C)  transcription termination.
D)  translation initiation.
E)  translation termination.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

Gene ________ refers to the combined processes of transcription and translation.

Accepted Answer

A)  expression
B)  replication
C)  modification
D)  regulationE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

The Central Dogma of biology can be stated as

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins→ RNA→ DNA.
B)  RNA→ DNA→ proteins.
C)  DNA→ proteins→ RNA.
D)  DNA→ RNA→ proteins.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

A codon is composed of how many bases?

Accepted Answer

A)  one
B)  two
C)  three
D)  four
E)  64F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 5

In prokaryotes,the RNA polymerase holoenzyme consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  the core polymerase plus two alpha subunits.
B)  the core polymerase plus two beta subunits.
C)  the core polymerase plus two alpha subunits,two beta subunits,and a sigma subunit.
D)  the core polymerase plus a sigma subunit.
E)  two alpha subunits,two beta subunits,and two sigma subunits.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

In eukaryotes,the 3' poly-A tail is attached to

Accepted Answer

A)  poly-A polymerase.
B)  mRNA.
C)  tRNA.
D)  the ribosome.
E)  the template strand of DNA.F) B) and D)
G) D) and E) B

Question 7

During ________,a ribosome assembles a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in a molecule of mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription
B)  translation
C)  replication
D)  posttranscriptional modificationE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 8

During protein synthesis in eukaryotes,which molecule passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and specifies the sequence of amino acids in the new polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA
B)  RNA polymerase
C)  mRNA
D)  rRNA
E)  tRNAF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

How would a large chromosomal inversion affect the expression of a gene if the gene is located between the two break points but no breaks occur within the gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  The inversion would probably have no effect on gene expression.
B)  The gene would not be transcribed because it would be oriented in the wrong direction.
C)  The gene would be transcribed in the 3' to 5' direction.
D)  The gene would be transcribed normally but the mRNA would be translated in the 3' to 5' direction.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Messenger RNA molecules contain information that is used to synthesize ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides
B)  amino acids
C)  polypeptides
D)  fatty acidsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

What is the first step during transcription initiation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the transcription bubble is formed
B)  RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
C)  the DNA double helix is unwound
D)  RNA polymerase synthesizes a short primer
E)  transcription factors bind to the TATA box sequenceF) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits is based on using the information encoded in genes to synthesize

Accepted Answer

A)  codons.
B)  nucleotides.
C)  proteins.
D)  histones.
E)  complementary bases.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Eukaryotes have ________ type(s) of RNA polymerase.

Accepted Answer

A)  two
B)  three
C)  four
D)  one
E)  64F) C) and D)
G) B) and E) B

Question 14

Both DNA and RNA are made up of building blocks known as

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides.
B)  nucleic acids.
C)  amino acids.
D)  genes.
E)  codons.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Ribosome movement along the mRNA is called

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription.
B)  initiation.
C)  replication.
D)  translocation.
E)  activation.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 16

Cells conserve energy and resources by making active proteins only when they are needed.If a protein is not needed,which of the following methods of control would be the most energy-efficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  block transcription
B)  degrade the mRNA after it is made
C)  prevent translation of the mRNA
D)  degrade the protein after it is madeE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

During translation,translocation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  releasing a tRNA molecule from the ribosome.
B)  joining an amino acid to a tRNA molecule.
C)  joining an amino acid to the next amino acid in the chain.
D)  joining a tRNA molecule to the ribosome.
E)  moving the ribosome along the mRNA molecule.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 18

During transcription of mRNA in eukaryotes,some sequences are cut out of the primary transcript and the remaining sequences are joined together.This processing of mRNA is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  termination
B)  translation
C)  splicing
D)  capping
E)  elongationF) B) and E)
G) B) and C) C

Question 19

In eukaryotes,each type of RNA polymerase recognizes a different

Accepted Answer

A)  start codon
B)  stop codon
C)  promoter
D)  release factor
E)  transcription factorF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 20

In eukaryotes,pre-mRNA processing may involve all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  removal of exons from the pre-mRNA.
B)  addition of a 5' cap.
C)  addition of a 3' poly-A tail
D)  pre-mRNA splicing by the spliceosome.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 15: Genes and How They Work

A bacterial cell has a nonsense mutation that prevents it from producing a functional sigma subunit for RNA polymerase.Inability to synthesize a functional sigma subunit would have the most direct effect on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gene ________ refers to the combined processes of transcription and translation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Central Dogma of biology can be stated as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A codon is composed of how many bases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In prokaryotes,the RNA polymerase holoenzyme consists of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotes,the 3' poly-A tail is attached to

Correct AnswerverifiedB

During ________,a ribosome assembles a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in a molecule of mRNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During protein synthesis in eukaryotes,which molecule passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and specifies the sequence of amino acids in the new polypeptide?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How would a large chromosomal inversion affect the expression of a gene if the gene is located between the two break points but no breaks occur within the gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Messenger RNA molecules contain information that is used to synthesize ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the first step during transcription initiation in prokaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits is based on using the information encoded in genes to synthesize

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eukaryotes have ________ type(s) of RNA polymerase.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Both DNA and RNA are made up of building blocks known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ribosome movement along the mRNA is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells conserve energy and resources by making active proteins only when they are needed.If a protein is not needed,which of the following methods of control would be the most energy-efficient?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During translation,translocation refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During transcription of mRNA in eukaryotes,some sequences are cut out of the primary transcript and the remaining sequences are joined together.This processing of mRNA is called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In eukaryotes,each type of RNA polymerase recognizes a different

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotes,pre-mRNA processing may involve all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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B

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C

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