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Exam 11: Motivating Employees

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Question 101

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Dr.Suyka,a professor of psychology at a respected university,is planning a study of the factors that affect the motivation of workers.Dr.Suyka is concerned that the results of his experiments may be misleading because workers in an experimental group tend to behave differently when they know they are being studied.This concern shows that Dr.Suyka is aware of the:

A) Taylor effect.
B) Hawthorne effect.
C) Heisenberg principle.
D) potential confusion between Theory X and Theory Y.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Question 102

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Equity theory tells us that when workers perceive inequitable treatment,they will respond in a manner that will attempt to re-establish fairness.

A) True
B) False

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Question 103

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According to Victor Vroom's expectancy theory,expectations of employees can affect their motivation.

Special parking areas,dining rooms,and rest rooms set aside for executives are barriers to open two-way communication within an organization.

One of the original objectives of the Hawthorne studies was to determine the degree of lighting needed in the workplace to enable workers to achieve optimum productivity.

In the Hawthorne studies,workers were involved in the planning of the experiments.This caused workers to:

According to job enrichment theory,one of the characteristics of a job that contributes to improved motivation and worker performance is higher than average pay.

The need______ would be classified as a social need.

What is more powerful than giving a raise or bonus alone?

Elton Mayo's researchers concluded that worker motivation improved when managers listened to their ideas and suggestions.

Jerry has a great deal of faith in the abilities of his subordinates.He believes that most workers want to be productive,and will work hard if given the proper incentives.He also believes that most firms do not take full advantage of the intelligence and creativity of their employees.For these reasons,Jerry favours a relatively free managerial style which allows workers to be flexible and creative in how they do their jobs,and empowers them to make and implement decisions.Jerry is a Theory Y-type manager.

is based on the notion that setting ambitious but attainable goals will improve motivation and performance if the goals are accepted,accompanied by feedback,and facilitated by organizational conditions.

Two things shared by many companies with highly motivated workforces are:

Researchers David Nadler and Edward Lawler suggest that in order to use expectancy theory to improve worker motivation,the first thing managers should do is:

Equity theory suggests that if workers perceive inequity in the workplace,they might respond with reduced productivity,higher absenteeism,or even voluntary resignation.

According to reinforcement theory,individuals act to receive rewards and to avoid punishment.

Theory Y managers are likely to use empowerment to motivate workers.

Safety needs are at the lowest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Cedric works for a landscaping business.His employer has asked him if he would be willing to work overtime this weekend to finish a job for an important client.According to expectancy theory,Cedric will want to compare the compensation offered by his employer to the extra effort involved before he decides whether to agree to the job.

The results of the Hawthorne studies encouraged researchers to begin studying human motivation and managerial styles that lead to higher productivity.