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Exam 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

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Question 1

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Why was it more difficult to design an experiment that would prove the existence of neutrons than it was to design an experiment that would prove the existence of either protons or electrons?

A) Neutrons are smaller than either protons or electrons, so their presence is much more difficult to detect.
B) Because neutrons are 1840 times heavier than protons, they are difficult to separate, and therefore, to count.
C) Neutrons do not deflect charged particles.
D) The similarity of the magnetic and electrical properties of protons and neutrons made them experimentally indistinguishable.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 2

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What element is represented by X in the atomic symbol notation ?

A) Iridium
B) Platinum
C) Palladium
D) Selenium
E) Magnesium

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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Question 3

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Who is credited with first measuring the charge of the electron?

What is the name of PCl₃?

In the early 1900s, Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment with thin foils of gold and alpha particles to probe the structure of the atoms. He observed that most of these alpha particles penetrated the foil and were not deflected. Realizing that atoms are electrically neutral (that is, they have equal numbers of protons and electrons) and that the mass of a proton is significantly greater than the mass of an electron, use Rutherford's data to propose a structural model of an atom.

A row of the periodic table is called a(n)

What is the formula for lead(II) oxide?

Ionic compounds may carry a net positive or net negative charge.

Which of these scientists developed the nuclear model of the atom?

Which of the following is the oxoanion of bromine called the bromate ion?

What is the name of ClO ^- ion?

State the two important experimental results (and the names of the responsible scientists) which enabled the mass of the electron to be determined.

Lithium forms compounds which are used in dry cells, storage batteries, and in high-temperature lubricants. It has two naturally occurring isotopes, ⁶Li (isotopic mass = 6.015123 amu) and ⁷Li (isotopic mass = 7.016005 amu) . Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.9412 amu. What is the percent abundance of lithium-6?

Which field of study made a big contribution toward understanding the composition of the atom?

Which of the following is a type of radioactive radiation that consists of positively charged particles and is deflected away from the positively charged plate?

Many different compounds might be represented by the same empirical formula.

Silicon, which makes up about 25% of Earth's crust by mass, is used widely in the modern electronics industry. It has three naturally occurring isotopes, ²⁸Si, ²⁹Si, and ³⁰Si. Calculate the atomic mass of silicon.

Which of these compounds is most likely to be ionic?

Two isotopes of an element differ only in their

What name is given to the simplest organic compounds which only contain carbons and hydrogens?