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What best summarizes the events of the Calvin cycle?


A) The cycle uses ATP and NADPH to produce sugars.
B) The cycle moves electrons from Photosystem II to Photosystem I.
C) The cycle moves light-energized electrons to Photosystem II.
D) The cycle absorbs light from the light reactions.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Light consists of massless particles called photons, each of which propagates through space with a wavelike oscillation; the ____________________ the wavelength the greater the energy content.

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Biologists believe that Earth's early life-forms were exposed to an atmosphere with no molecular oxygen and had not yet evolved the Krebs cycle. If so, alcoholic fermentation would have been particularly critical to life because without the pathway


A) ethanol would not be available as a nutrient for other consumers.
B) lactic acid would accumulate and disable prokaryotic muscle cells.
C) carbon could not be recycled back into the biosphere for use by producers.
D) the only source of NADH for electron transport would be from glycolysis and ATP production would be greatly reduced.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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As an energy carrier, ATP differs from NADPH in that


A) ATP carries less energy than NADPH.
B) ATP transfers energy through redox reactions, whereas NADPH uses phosphorylation.
C) NADPH is involved in a larger variety of chemical reactions than ATP.
D) NADPH is made by Photosystem I, whereas ATP is made by Photosystem II.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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