Question 1

Some evolutionary psychologists argue that in our distant past, those who selfishly pursued their own individual interests would be less likely to survive to pass on their genes.This argument lies at the heart of ________ as a source of altruistic behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   kin selection
B)   social exchange
C)   the reciprocity norm
D)   the ability to learn social normsE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

In a series of studies, Latané and Darley discovered that the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that any individual will help.Why is that?

Accepted Answer

First, given the norm to remain "cool" a...

Question 3

There is a(n)  ________ correlation between the length of time a person has lived in the same place and the likelihood that he or she will help in the community.

Accepted Answer

A)   zero
B)   negative
C)   positive
D)   unreliableE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

According to the bystander effect, the number of people who are around when an emergency occurs is ________ correlated with the time it takes someone to provide help in an emergency.

Accepted Answer

A)   positively
B)   negatively
C)   not
D)   inverselyE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970) , all things being equal, you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack

Accepted Answer

A)   at a large convention of ministers.
B)   when having a conversation with one other person.
C)   in a busy restaurant.
D)   at a crowded shopping mall.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

The text discusses a cultural value, simpatía, prominent in Spanish-speaking countries.Although simpatía has no direct English translation, it generally refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   being sympathetic.
B)   being friendly, polite, and helpful.
C)   acting in a paternalistic fashion.
D)   being similar in temperament to others around you.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

In explaining the process by which kin selection works to encourage altruism, evolutionary psychologists would argue that

Accepted Answer

A)   helpers consciously consider "biological importance" before helping.
B)   norms have arisen to replace ingrained human behavior.
C)   over millennia, the genes of those who follow the "biological importance" rule will survive.
D)   the "biological importance" rule is used only in life-and-death situations.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Your text discusses the idea of the altruistic personality.Explain what an altruistic personality is, and what research says about how this personality trait predicts behavior in helping situations.

Accepted Answer

The text explains that someone with an a...

Question 9

According to the urban overload hypothesis, people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because

Accepted Answer

A)   people in small towns have grown up with more trusting attitudes.
B)   people who live in cities are more likely to experience diffusion of responsibility.
C)   people in small towns tend to be more religious.
D)   people living in cities tend to keep to themselves.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Social psychologists have found that people in good moods are likely to help, as are people in bad moods.Of course, the reasons for these relations differ, depending on the mood.Explain.

Accepted Answer

Good moods encourage helping because (1)...

Question 11

According to Latané and Darley (1970) , the first step in deciding to help in an emergency is

Accepted Answer

A)   pluralistic ignorance.
B)   noticing the event.
C)   knowing what to do.
D)   taking responsibility.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Evolutionary psychology would have the most trouble explaining which of the following incidents?

Accepted Answer

A)   Samuel risks his life to save his nephew in a car accident.
B)   Jane runs in to save her adopted daughter from a fire.
C)   When Alphonso was put in the unfortunate situation of saving his wife or his son in a boating accident, he chose to save his son first, and his wife died.
D)   When Larry was on a ship going down at sea, he let everyone else be saved ahead of him, even though everyone on the ship was a complete stranger to him.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

According to reports (Rosenthal, 1964) , many of Kitty Genovese's unresponsive neighbors did hear her crying out, "Oh my God, he stabbed me! Please help me! Please help me!" This suggests that the reason that her neighbors failed to intervene followed from

Accepted Answer

A)   pluralistic ignorance.
B)   the excessive costs of helping.
C)   diffusion of responsibility.
D)   urban overload.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a topic related to positive psychology in the field of social psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   prejudice
B)   aggression
C)   prosocial behavior
D)   obedience to authorityE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Recall that participants in an experiment described in the text (Toi & Batson, 1982)  listened to an (alleged)  radio interview in which a student in their introductory psychology class described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course.Some participants were told that Carol would soon be returning to their class.According to the research, why is this referred to as a "high cost" condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carol was still in a wheelchair, and it would be hard for her to get to class.
B)   Every time participants saw her, they would feel guilty if they didn't help her.
C)   Participants would have to go out of their way to copy their notes for Carol.
D)   Every time participants saw her, they would be able to empathize with her.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

A woman's car is stuck in the snow and she needs a push to get free.________ is more likely to stop to help her out because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   A man; the situation calls for sustained helping
B)   A woman; the situation calls for sustained helping
C)   A man; the situation calls for an act of chivalry
D)   A woman; women in general are more altruistic than menE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Social exchange theory would have the most trouble explaining which of the following helping situations?

Accepted Answer

A)   Anna visits people with AIDS as a requirement of her health psychology course.
B)   Theo calmly walks into heavy traffic to rescue a stranger who collapsed in the crosswalk.
C)   On the way home from work, David drops off some notes for a classmate.
D)   A wealthy businesswoman makes a hefty donation to her congressman.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Amos has just received a good grade on his calculus exam.He's in a great mood, and thinks to himself, "School's going well; my relationship with Carrie is going great.It's a wonderful world!" On the way out of the building, he finds that a bicyclist has hit a pedestrian, so he hurries over to help the fallen person.This example best illustrates which of the three reasons why positive mood enhances helping?

Accepted Answer

A)   Good moods make us look on the brighter side of life, so we make more dispositional attributions of others.
B)   We are motivated to prolong our good moods, and helping does that.
C)   Good moods enhance self-esteem, which leads to helping.
D)   Good moods decrease self-attention, increasing the odds that we will notice another's distress.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Evolutionary psychology is the study of

Accepted Answer

A)   how our environment modifies inherited characteristics.
B)   the immediate influence our biology has on how we react to social situations.
C)   social behaviors as a result of genetic factors and natural selection.
D)   application of social psychology to the study of biological processes.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Playing a prosocial video game makes schemas about helping more accessible.This is related to the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocity
B)   overjustification
C)   altruism
D)   primingE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Which of the following is an example of a topic related to positive psychology in the field of social psychology?

Correct Answer
verified

There is a(n) ________ correlation between the length of time a person has lived in the same place and the likelihood that he or she will help in the community.

Correct Answer
verified

Evolutionary psychology would have the most trouble explaining which of the following incidents?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to Latané and Darley (1970) , the first step in deciding to help in an emergency is

Correct Answer
verified

Social psychologists have found that people in good moods are likely to help, as are people in bad moods.Of course, the reasons for these relations differ, depending on the mood.Explain.

Correct Answer
verified
Good moods encourage helping because (1)...
View Answer

According to the bystander effect, the number of people who are around when an emergency occurs is ________ correlated with the time it takes someone to provide help in an emergency.

Correct Answer
verified

Some evolutionary psychologists argue that in our distant past, those who selfishly pursued their own individual interests would be less likely to survive to pass on their genes.This argument lies at the heart of ________ as a source of altruistic behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

According to the urban overload hypothesis, people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because

Correct Answer
verified

In explaining the process by which kin selection works to encourage altruism, evolutionary psychologists would argue that

Correct Answer
verified

Evolutionary psychology is the study of

Correct Answer
verified

Playing a prosocial video game makes schemas about helping more accessible.This is related to the process of ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The text discusses a cultural value, simpatía, prominent in Spanish-speaking countries.Although simpatía has no direct English translation, it generally refers to

Correct Answer
verified

A woman's car is stuck in the snow and she needs a push to get free. is more likely to stop to help her out because .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to reports (Rosenthal, 1964) , many of Kitty Genovese's unresponsive neighbors did hear her crying out, "Oh my God, he stabbed me! Please help me! Please help me!" This suggests that the reason that her neighbors failed to intervene followed from

Correct Answer
verified

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970) , all things being equal, you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack

Correct Answer
verified

Social exchange theory would have the most trouble explaining which of the following helping situations?

Correct Answer
verified

In a series of studies, Latané and Darley discovered that the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that any individual will help.Why is that?

Correct Answer
verified
First, given the norm to remain "cool" a...
View Answer

Your text discusses the idea of the altruistic personality.Explain what an altruistic personality is, and what research says about how this personality trait predicts behavior in helping situations.

Correct Answer
verified
The text explains that someone with an a...
View Answer

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Which of the following is an example of a topic related to positive psychology in the field of social psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is a(n) ________ correlation between the length of time a person has lived in the same place and the likelihood that he or she will help in the community.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolutionary psychology would have the most trouble explaining which of the following incidents?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Latané and Darley (1970) , the first step in deciding to help in an emergency is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social psychologists have found that people in good moods are likely to help, as are people in bad moods.Of course, the reasons for these relations differ, depending on the mood.Explain.

Correct AnswerverifiedGood moods encourage helping because (1)...View AnswerShow Answer

According to the bystander effect, the number of people who are around when an emergency occurs is ________ correlated with the time it takes someone to provide help in an emergency.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some evolutionary psychologists argue that in our distant past, those who selfishly pursued their own individual interests would be less likely to survive to pass on their genes.This argument lies at the heart of ________ as a source of altruistic behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the urban overload hypothesis, people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In explaining the process by which kin selection works to encourage altruism, evolutionary psychologists would argue that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolutionary psychology is the study of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Playing a prosocial video game makes schemas about helping more accessible.This is related to the process of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The text discusses a cultural value, simpatía, prominent in Spanish-speaking countries.Although simpatía has no direct English translation, it generally refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A woman's car is stuck in the snow and she needs a push to get free.________ is more likely to stop to help her out because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to reports (Rosenthal, 1964) , many of Kitty Genovese's unresponsive neighbors did hear her crying out, "Oh my God, he stabbed me! Please help me! Please help me!" This suggests that the reason that her neighbors failed to intervene followed from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970) , all things being equal, you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social exchange theory would have the most trouble explaining which of the following helping situations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a series of studies, Latané and Darley discovered that the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that any individual will help.Why is that?

Correct AnswerverifiedFirst, given the norm to remain "cool" a...View AnswerShow Answer

Your text discusses the idea of the altruistic personality.Explain what an altruistic personality is, and what research says about how this personality trait predicts behavior in helping situations.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe text explains that someone with an a...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
Good moods encourage helping because (1)...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A woman's car is stuck in the snow and she needs a push to get free. is more likely to stop to help her out because .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
First, given the norm to remain "cool" a...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The text explains that someone with an a...
View Answer