Question 1

To be an effective antigen,a molecule would ideally be small,and consist of repeating units with similar structure,such as a trisaccharide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  helper T cells
B)  suppressor T cells
C)  cytotoxic T cells
D)  delayed hypersensitivity T cells
E)  natural killer (NK) cellsF) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immunogenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adjuvant
B)  Booster
C)  Antibodies to toxin
D)  Gamma globulin
E)  "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccineF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 4

All of the following are characteristics of IgM except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  has 10 antigen binding sites
B)  contains a central J chain
C)  is the first class synthesized by a plasma cell
D)  can serve as a B-cell receptor
E)  is a dimerF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

The immunoglobulin class that is the only one capable of crossing the placenta is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA
B)  IgD
C)  IgE
D)  IgG
E)  IgMF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 6

The third line of defense can be summarized in four stages; I-antigen binding to T helper cells,II-antigen binding to B cells,III-phagocytosis of antigen by B and T lymphocytes,IV-killing of antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Vaccinating a child against a dangerous pathogen not only protects that child from disease,but it also protects society as a whole,since herd immunity in the population is maintained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytes
B)  eosinophils
C)  epithelial cells
D)  red blood cells
E)  islet of Langerhans cellsF) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

The importance of clonal deletion is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lymphocytes with receptors that recognize self markers are eliminated to preserve immune tolerance
B)  worn-out lymphocytes are destroyed to make way for new cells
C)  lymphocytes that have been activated during antigen exposure are then removed when the individual recovers
D)  clones of cells that have the same receptor are deleted to avoid redundancyE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Superantigens are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign
B)  cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members
C)  bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens
D)  those that evoke allergic reactions
E)  None of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Produce plasma cells and memory cells
B)  Low numbers circulating in the blood
C)  Require antigen presented with MHC proteins
D)  Receptors called immunoglobins
E)  Mature in the bone marrowF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 12

An example of artificial active immunity would be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chickenpox infection followed by lifelong immunity
B)  chickenpox vaccine which triggers extended immunity to chickenpox
C)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta
E)  None of the choices are correct.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

A 6-year-old male is brought to his pediatrician's office with chickenpox. He has had symptoms for one week, and his mother is concerned about the patient's 8-year-old sister because she had a long, painful chickenpox infection 2 years prior. Of note, the patient was not vaccinated against chickenpox because his parents did not think it was a serious enough virus to warrant the pain of the injection.
-When the patient's mother expresses concern about his sister being reinfected with chickenpox,what is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your concerns are valid,but his sister developed an active natural immunity to chickenpox because she has already been infected.
B)  Your concerns are valid and there is a high likelihood that his sister will become infected again.We should probably administer the vaccine.
C)  Your concerns are valid and there is no way to protect his sister from becoming reinfected except to keep her at least 15 feet from your son at all times.
D)  Your concerns are valid and if his sister is reinfected,her symptoms will be less severe than her initial chickenpox infection.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

B cell-receptors differ from T cell-receptors in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  B cell-receptors are comprised of four polypeptides,whereas T cell-receptors are made up of two polypeptides
B)  B cell-receptors are immunoglobulins similar to those that are secreted,whereas T cell-receptors are not immunoglobulins and are never secreted
C)  T cell-receptors are much smaller than B cell-receptors
D)  All of the choices reflect differences between B cell- and T cell-receptors.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Antigen-presenting cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  include dendritic cells
B)  include macrophages
C)  engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic
D)  hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 16

Antitoxins ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules
B)  are always genetically engineered
C)  contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses
D)  confer passive immunity
E)  utilize DNA strands that will produce the antigenF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Acellular vaccines and subunit vaccines ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules
B)  are always genetically engineered
C)  contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses
D)  confer passive immunity
E)  utilize DNA strands that will produce the antigenF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

An RN working in a general medical-surgical unit is caring for a 57-year-old female with a bladder infection. Two weeks prior to hospitalization, the patient was experiencing slight burning upon urination. She self-treated by increasing her intake of fluids, but her symptoms continued to worsen. One week later, she developed generalized abdominal pain and a fever. She presented to the hospital when the pain became unbearable and fever reached 104°F. She was admitted to the medical-surgical unit and started on multiple IV antibiotics with concern that she could be developing a kidney infection.
-What is the proper order of steps for B-cell activation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen binding,antigen processing/presentation,T helper cell cooperation/recognition,activation,differentiation,clonal expansion
B)  Antigen processing/presentation,activation,differentiation,T helper cell cooperation/recognition,antigen binding,clonal expansion
C)  Activation,clonal expansion,differentiation,antigen processing/presentation,T helper cell cooperation/recognition,antigen binding
D)  Antigen binding,T helper cell cooperation/recognition,antigen processing/presentation,differentiation,activation,clonal expansionE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

What are the risks to society when herd immunity is not maintained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing antibody titers in individuals require booster shots which restricts the number of available vaccines.
B)  Cattle become increasingly more susceptible to dangerous pathogens,which can spread to humans.
C)  Dangerous pathogens can reemerge and outbreaks of diseases may develop.
D)  There are no risks to society when herd immunity is not maintained; it is a precautionary measure only.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

During presentation of APC-bound antigen,macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine,________,that activates T helper cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  interferon
B)  interleukin-2
C)  interleukin-1
D)  histamine
E)  None of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Exam 13: Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Correct Answer
verified

The importance of clonal deletion is that ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Antigen-presenting cells ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Acellular vaccines and subunit vaccines ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The third line of defense can be summarized in four stages; I-antigen binding to T helper cells,II-antigen binding to B cells,III-phagocytosis of antigen by B and T lymphocytes,IV-killing of antigen.

Correct Answer
verified

To be an effective antigen,a molecule would ideally be small,and consist of repeating units with similar structure,such as a trisaccharide.

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following are characteristics of IgM except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

An example of artificial active immunity would be ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Antitoxins ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Superantigens are ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Vaccinating a child against a dangerous pathogen not only protects that child from disease,but it also protects society as a whole,since herd immunity in the population is maintained.

Correct Answer
verified

B cell-receptors differ from T cell-receptors in that ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immunogenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

Correct Answer
verified

During presentation of APC-bound antigen,macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine,________,that activates T helper cells.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

Correct Answer
verified

The immunoglobulin class that is the only one capable of crossing the placenta is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.

Correct Answer
verified

What are the risks to society when herd immunity is not maintained?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The importance of clonal deletion is that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antigen-presenting cells ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acellular vaccines and subunit vaccines ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The third line of defense can be summarized in four stages; I-antigen binding to T helper cells,II-antigen binding to B cells,III-phagocytosis of antigen by B and T lymphocytes,IV-killing of antigen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To be an effective antigen,a molecule would ideally be small,and consist of repeating units with similar structure,such as a trisaccharide.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are characteristics of IgM except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of artificial active immunity would be ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antitoxins ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Superantigens are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vaccinating a child against a dangerous pathogen not only protects that child from disease,but it also protects society as a whole,since herd immunity in the population is maintained.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

B cell-receptors differ from T cell-receptors in that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immunogenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During presentation of APC-bound antigen,macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine,________,that activates T helper cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The immunoglobulin class that is the only one capable of crossing the placenta is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the risks to society when herd immunity is not maintained?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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