Question 1

The difference between CAP and HCAP is that

Accepted Answer

A)  CAP symptoms include nausea and vomiting whereas HCAP involves the upper respiratory tract only.
B)  CAP may be caused by a variety of pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae,as well as viruses and mycoplasmas,whereas HCAP is predominantly caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
C)  CAP has a higher mortality rate that HCAP because the causative organisms are more pathogenic.
D)  CAP is caused by gram-positive bacteria whereas HCAP is caused by gram-negative bacteria.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever is due to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   enterotoxins
B)   hemolysins
C)   toxic shock syndrome toxin
D)   exfoliative toxin
E)   erythrogenic toxinF) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except

Accepted Answer

A)   the reservoir is human carriers.
B)   it is a zoonosis.
C)   symptoms are abrupt fever, lung edema, respiratory distress, and hypotension.
D)   it is transmitted by aerosol transmission from rodent excreta.
E)   the first U.S. outbreak occurred in 1993 in the southwest.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires'disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When the centers of tubercles break down into _____ lesions,they gradually heal by calcification that replaces normal lung tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary
B)   secondary
C)   necrotic caseous
D)   granuloma
E)   tertiaryF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   catalase
B)   reverse transcriptase
C)   hyaluronidase
D)   neuraminidase
E)   kinaseF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 7

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas,air conditioners,cooling towers,and supermarket vegetable misters?

Accepted Answer

A)   Legionellosis
B)   Pertussis
C)   Brucellosis
D)   Plague
E)   Traveler's diarrheaF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Which antibody is concentrated in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

A)   IgA
B)   IgE
C)   IgG
D)   IgM
E)   IgDF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mouth
B)   Nasal cavity
C)   Trachea
D)   Pharynx
E)   LarynxF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

A factor in the development of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is that

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple antibiotics must be taken in the daily regimen.
B)   the daily multidrug regimen lasts up to 9 months.
C)   many TB patients live in less-than ideal circumstances.
D)   All of the above contribute to the development of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Which of the following does not describe S.pyogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Group A streptococcus
B)   Gram-positive
C)   Forms endospores
D)   Sensitive to bacitracin
E)   Beta-hemolyticF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following causes a noncommunicable pulmonary infection that resembles tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mycobacterium avium complex (MA
C)  
B)   Mycobacterium kansasii
C)   Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
D)   Mycobacterium fortuitum complex
E)   Mycobacterium marinumF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

Disease/s caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae include _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   otitis media
B)   meningitis
C)   lobar pneumonia
D)   bronchial pneumonia
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Organisms other than bacteria make up the microbiota; non-bacterial microbes that occupy the respiratory tract include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pseudomonas
B)   Candida
C)   Prevotella
D)   Acinetobacter
E)   StaphylococcusF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Differentiate between disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae and the disease caused by influenza virus.

Accepted Answer

A)   One causes an upper respiratory disease, and the other causes a lower respiratory disease.
B)   One causes a mild flu, and the other causes a severe flu.
C)   One organism is a virus while the other is a fungus.
D)   One organism causes symptomatic disease, while the other organism always causes asymptomatic disease.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of global respiratory infection outbreaks in infants 6 months of age or younger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Extrapulmonary TB is more common in

Accepted Answer

A)   young children and immunosuppressed patients.
B)   the elderly.
C)   organ transplant patients.
D)   AIDS patients.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Which is incorrect about histoplasmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   The pathogen grows inside macrophages.
B)   It is transmitted by inhalation of spores.
C)   It causes respiratory infections that range from mild to severe.
D)   Chronic cases have symptoms similar to tuberculosis.
E)   It never spreads to sites outside the respiratory tract.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of Histoplasma capsulatum?

Accepted Answer

A)   It grows in moist soil, rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings.
B)   It is a protozoan.
C)   It is a dermatophyte.
D)   It grows in dry, arid soil.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   scarlet fever
B)   otitis media
C)   rheumatic fever
D)   glomerulonephritisE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of global respiratory infection outbreaks in infants 6 months of age or younger.

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The difference between CAP and HCAP is that

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Which antibody is concentrated in the respiratory tract?

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Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas,air conditioners,cooling towers,and supermarket vegetable misters?

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Which of the following causes a noncommunicable pulmonary infection that resembles tuberculosis?

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Extrapulmonary TB is more common in

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A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires'disease.

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When the centers of tubercles break down into _____ lesions,they gradually heal by calcification that replaces normal lung tissue.

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Which is incorrect about histoplasmosis?

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Disease/s caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae include _______.

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Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

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Which of the following is a characteristic of Histoplasma capsulatum?

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A factor in the development of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is that

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Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except

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Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except _______.

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The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever is due to _______.

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Organisms other than bacteria make up the microbiota; non-bacterial microbes that occupy the respiratory tract include ________.

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Which of the following does not describe S.pyogenes?

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Differentiate between disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae and the disease caused by influenza virus.

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The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is ______.

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