Question 1

According to the figure,which letter corresponds to the lowest tubular fluid osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  EF) A) and B)
G) A) and C) A

Question 2

Modification of the basic design and function of the kidney of the freshwater fish leading to the development of which of the following allows mammals and birds to produce a hyperosmotic urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle
B)  Bowman's capsule
C)  collecting ducts
D)  glomerulus
E)  renal medulla and cortexF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 3

All of the following are reabsorbed in the nephron except

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose.
B)  amino acids.
C)  urea.
D)  vitamins.
E)  certain ions.F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 4

The kidneys of which one of the following are so highly efficient that it never has to drink water and can obtain all of its water from its food?

Accepted Answer

A)  camel
B)  gerbil
C)  kangaroo rat
D)  pocket mouse Perognathus
E)  desert lizardF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

The adrenal hormone that regulates kidney function does so by

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing the blood flow to the kidney.
B)  stimulating active reabsorption of sodium,decreasing its excretion.
C)  increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to urea.
D)  increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to salt.
E)  triggering a sensation of thirst.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following molecules must be administered in high amounts because of the very efficient secretion and removal by the kidney tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin
B)  sodium ions
C)  amino acids (proteins) 
D)  glucose
E)  vitamin KF) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

Vertebrate urine production involves
I-using the higher blood pressure to push water through a filter,along with water,small molecules pass into the filtrate.
II-cells and proteins are retained in the blood,water is reabsorbed as the filtrate is passing through a long tube.
III-ammonia produced as the metabolic breakdown is excreted.

Accepted Answer

A)  just I
B)  just II
C)  II and III
D)  I,II,and III
E)  I and IIF) A) and B)
G) A) and C) E

Question 8

A function not associated with vertebrate kidneys is

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration.
B)  hydrolysis.
C)  reabsorption.
D)  secretion.
E)  excretion.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

The two hormones that influence kidney function are produced in the

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex.
B)  adrenal medulla.
C)  posterior pituitary.
D)  adrenal cortex and posterior pituitary.
E)  adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Modifications,particularly the presence of the loop of Henle,allow mammals and birds to reabsorb water efficiently and produce a ____________ urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperosmotic
B)  hypoosmotic
C)  osmotic
D)  isotonicE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

In kidneys,fluid flow in opposite directions occurs to create a ____________ multiplier system.

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostatic
B)  reversible
C)  countercurrent
D)  steppedE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

The presence of the loop of Henle allows which of the following animals to reabsorb water and produce a hypertonic urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  birds
B)  freshwater fish
C)  mammals
D)  birds and mammals
E)  freshwater fish and mammalsF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

Select the incorrectly matched vertebrate and its urine concentration relative to its blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians-isotonic
B)  marine reptiles-isotonic
C)  desert mammals-strongly hypertonic
D)  marine mammals-strongly hypertonic
E)  terrestrial birds-weakly hypertonicF) C) and D)
G) A) and B) A

Question 14

In the __________,a tuft of capillaries in the renal cortex,blood is filtered through the porous capillary walls.

Accepted Answer

A)  renal cortex
B)  nephron
C)  glomerulus
D)  collecting duct
E)  flame cellF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

An increase in the production of ADH affects the kidney tubules by

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting reabsorption of sodium ion in the collecting duct.
B)  decreasing the permeability of the glomerulus to water.
C)  causing the walls of the collecting duct to become more permeable to water.
D)  inhibiting the reabsorption of water in the glomerulus.
E)  all of thesE.F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following animals cannot make hyperosmotic urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  blue jay
B)  dog
C)  human
D)  grasshopper
E)  American toadF) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

The individual functioning unit of a kidney that consists of a system of tubules and associated small blood vessels is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the renal cortex.
B)  a nephron.
C)  a glomerulus.
D)  a collecting duct.
E)  a flame cell.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 18

The mammalian kidney contains structures that can perform various functions.These functions include
I-excretion.
II-reabsorption.
III-secretion.
IV-filtration.

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II
B)  I,II,and III
C)  I,II,III,and IV
D)  II and III
E)  II,III,and IVF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

No matter how much water a human drinks,the kidneys are always regulating various aspects of the plasma.Which of the following are being regulated?
I-the pH of the blood
II-the plasma concentration of iron ions
III-the plasma concentration of sodium ions
IV-the plasma concentration of potassium ions
V-the plasma temperature

Accepted Answer

A)  I,II,and III
B)  I,II,III,and IV
C)  I,III,and IV
D)  I,III,IV,and V
E)  I,II,III,IV,and VF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 20

According to the figure,what is the most likely osmotic pressure for fluid at E during moderate diuresis?

Accepted Answer

A)  300 mOsm
B)  600 mOsm
C)  75 mOsm
D)  5 mOsm
E)  0 mOsmF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Exam 51: Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

According to the figure,which letter corresponds to the lowest tubular fluid osmolarity?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Modification of the basic design and function of the kidney of the freshwater fish leading to the development of which of the following allows mammals and birds to produce a hyperosmotic urine?

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following are reabsorbed in the nephron except

Correct Answer
verified

The kidneys of which one of the following are so highly efficient that it never has to drink water and can obtain all of its water from its food?

Correct Answer
verified

The adrenal hormone that regulates kidney function does so by

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following molecules must be administered in high amounts because of the very efficient secretion and removal by the kidney tubules?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
E

A function not associated with vertebrate kidneys is

Correct Answer
verified

The two hormones that influence kidney function are produced in the

Correct Answer
verified

Modifications,particularly the presence of the loop of Henle,allow mammals and birds to reabsorb water efficiently and produce a ____________ urine.

Correct Answer
verified

In kidneys,fluid flow in opposite directions occurs to create a ____________ multiplier system.

Correct Answer
verified

The presence of the loop of Henle allows which of the following animals to reabsorb water and produce a hypertonic urine?

Correct Answer
verified

Select the incorrectly matched vertebrate and its urine concentration relative to its blood.

Correct Answer
verified
A

In the __________,a tuft of capillaries in the renal cortex,blood is filtered through the porous capillary walls.

Correct Answer
verified

An increase in the production of ADH affects the kidney tubules by

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following animals cannot make hyperosmotic urine?

Correct Answer
verified

The individual functioning unit of a kidney that consists of a system of tubules and associated small blood vessels is called

Correct Answer
verified

The mammalian kidney contains structures that can perform various functions.These functions include I-excretion. II-reabsorption. III-secretion. IV-filtration.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to the figure,what is the most likely osmotic pressure for fluid at E during moderate diuresis?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 51: Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

According to the figure,which letter corresponds to the lowest tubular fluid osmolarity?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Modification of the basic design and function of the kidney of the freshwater fish leading to the development of which of the following allows mammals and birds to produce a hyperosmotic urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are reabsorbed in the nephron except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys of which one of the following are so highly efficient that it never has to drink water and can obtain all of its water from its food?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The adrenal hormone that regulates kidney function does so by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following molecules must be administered in high amounts because of the very efficient secretion and removal by the kidney tubules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedE

A function not associated with vertebrate kidneys is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two hormones that influence kidney function are produced in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Modifications,particularly the presence of the loop of Henle,allow mammals and birds to reabsorb water efficiently and produce a ____________ urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In kidneys,fluid flow in opposite directions occurs to create a ____________ multiplier system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The presence of the loop of Henle allows which of the following animals to reabsorb water and produce a hypertonic urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the incorrectly matched vertebrate and its urine concentration relative to its blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

In the __________,a tuft of capillaries in the renal cortex,blood is filtered through the porous capillary walls.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in the production of ADH affects the kidney tubules by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following animals cannot make hyperosmotic urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The individual functioning unit of a kidney that consists of a system of tubules and associated small blood vessels is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mammalian kidney contains structures that can perform various functions.These functions include I-excretion. II-reabsorption. III-secretion. IV-filtration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the figure,what is the most likely osmotic pressure for fluid at E during moderate diuresis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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E

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A

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