Question 1

Which sequence is a result of a single mismatch in DNA replication of the sequence ATG GGC CTG?

Accepted Answer

A)   ATG GGC CTC
B)   AAG GGC CTC
C)   TAC CCG GTC
D)   TGC CCG GAG
E)   TUC CCG GUCF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

In a cell with the following mutations,which would you expect to be LEAST likely?

Accepted Answer

A)   BRCA1 and BRCA2
B)   BRCA1
C)   BRCA1, BRCA2, Her2, and p53 mutations
D)   BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53 mutations
E)   BRCA1, Her2, and p53 mutationF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Which of the following would NOT lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   an active oncogene
B)   a misshapen tumor-suppressor protein
C)   a mutated proto-oncogene
D)   a tumor-suppressor allele missing 20% of its bases
E)   An active proto-oncogeneF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

A mutation in one cancer-related gene is not enough to cause a cell to become cancerous.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)   We have more than two copies of every gene.
B)   Cell division is controlled by many proteins, not just one.
C)   We have two copies of every gene.
D)   Nearby cells will repair the mutation.
E)   The cell has to divide more times to become cancerous.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

What factors have made the Ashkenazi Jewish population more susceptible to genetic diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)   They descended from a small group of people.
B)   The population has expanded and contracted over time.
C)   They tend to marry other Ashkenazis.
D)   B and C
E)   All the above.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Alleles are located

Accepted Answer

A)   on chromosome 17 only.
B)   in random locations on chromosomes.
C)   at a specific position on each of a pair of chromosomes.
D)   on one chromosome of each pair.
E)   on chromosomes 13 and 17.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

What is the number-one preventable cause of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   smoking
B)   UV light exposure
C)   grilled meats and vegetables
D)   pollution exposure
E)   alcoholF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Many cells in your body stop at the G1 checkpoint and never divide again.Some cells,like skin cells,will continue past the G1 checkpoint.What types of genes tell a skin cell to move on past the G1 checkpoint?

Accepted Answer

A)   proto-oncogenes
B)   tumor-suppressor genes
C)   cell-enhancing genes
D)   oncogenes
E)   tumor-deflecting genesF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

To get cancer,all you need is a mutation in one essential gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The enzyme that copies DNA makes a mistake approximately every 10,000 to 100,000 bases.Surprisingly,however,if we examine newly copied DNA,we see that the actual error rate is lower than this.How is that possible?

Accepted Answer

A)   The bases are self-correcting; the DNA will fix any errors as it is copied.
B)   The cell is immediately killed if it contains a mistake in its DNA.
C)   There are other enzymes that find errors in DNA and repair them.
D)   All of the above.
E)   None of the above.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 11

A gene found in a somatic cell is mutated.The resulting protein regulates mitosis but now has a different 3D shape.What is a likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)   germ-line mutations
B)   hereditary mutations
C)   cancer
D)   down syndrome
E)   cystic fibrosisF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

You learn from DNA testing that for BRCA1 you have one normal allele and one allele associated with cancer.For BRCA2,you have two alleles associated with cancer.How does this affect your risk for cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   Your risk is the same as any other average human being.
B)   You will almost certainly get cancer at a very young age.
C)   Your risk is definitely higher than for someone with all mutant alleles for BRCA1 and BRCA2.
D)   Your risk is the same as that for someone with a single mutant BRCA1 allele.
E)   Your risk is higher than average but depends on other genes you carry and your lifestyle.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

What are the three main ways a person can acquire a mutation in their DNA?

Accepted Answer

1)inherited mutations,2)mutati...

Question 14

Mutations that cause the cell to divide rapidly,even in the absence of a signal to divide,are usually mutations of

Accepted Answer

A)   proto-oncogenes.
B)   tumor-suppressor genes.
C)   DNA polymerase.
D)   cell-surface proteins.
E)   DNA-repair enzymes.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

What is the difference between a somatic cell mutation and a germ-line mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only mutations in germ-line cells can be passed on to offspring.
B)   Only mutations in somatic cells can be passed on to offspring.
C)   Somatic cell mutations cannot lead to cancer, but germ-line mutations can.
D)   Germ-line mutations do not involve DNA, but somatic cell mutations do.
E)   Somatic cell mutations do not involve DNA, but germ-line mutations do.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

Most new alleles arise via

Accepted Answer

A)   large rearrangements of genes.
B)   exchanges of genes during crossing over.
C)   mutations in existing genes.
D)   changes in DNA polymerase that alter how polymerase copies DNA.
E)   changes in the beginning and ending of a gene.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 17

How many copies of any particular gene does an individual human have?

Accepted Answer

A)   4
B)   1
C)   2
D)   46
E)   23F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

List three types of genetic mutations that may occur.

Accepted Answer

Mutations can arise from 1)ext...

Question 19

A mutation would most likely be inherited if it is located in a ____ cell.

Accepted Answer

A)   skin
B)   body
C)   sperm
D)   liver
E)   All of the above.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Why should pregnant women never be given X-rays?

Accepted Answer

X-ray radiation can damage DNA.A develop...

Exam 10: Mutations and Cancer Fighting Fate

Alleles are located

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Most new alleles arise via

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Why should pregnant women never be given X-rays?

Correct AnswerverifiedX-ray radiation can damage DNA.A develop...View AnswerShow Answer

Many cells in your body stop at the G1 checkpoint and never divide again.Some cells,like skin cells,will continue past the G1 checkpoint.What types of genes tell a skin cell to move on past the G1 checkpoint?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutations that cause the cell to divide rapidly,even in the absence of a signal to divide,are usually mutations of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the three main ways a person can acquire a mutation in their DNA?

Correct Answerverified1)inherited mutations,2)mutati...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following would NOT lead to cancer?

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What factors have made the Ashkenazi Jewish population more susceptible to genetic diseases?

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What is the number-one preventable cause of cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You learn from DNA testing that for BRCA1 you have one normal allele and one allele associated with cancer.For BRCA2,you have two alleles associated with cancer.How does this affect your risk for cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a cell with the following mutations,which would you expect to be LEAST likely?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enzyme that copies DNA makes a mistake approximately every 10,000 to 100,000 bases.Surprisingly,however,if we examine newly copied DNA,we see that the actual error rate is lower than this.How is that possible?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List three types of genetic mutations that may occur.

Correct AnswerverifiedMutations can arise from 1)ext...View AnswerShow Answer

A mutation in one cancer-related gene is not enough to cause a cell to become cancerous.Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many copies of any particular gene does an individual human have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mutation would most likely be inherited if it is located in a ____ cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A gene found in a somatic cell is mutated.The resulting protein regulates mitosis but now has a different 3D shape.What is a likely result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which sequence is a result of a single mismatch in DNA replication of the sequence ATG GGC CTG?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To get cancer,all you need is a mutation in one essential gene.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the difference between a somatic cell mutation and a germ-line mutation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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X-ray radiation can damage DNA.A develop...
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1)inherited mutations,2)mutati...
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Mutations can arise from 1)ext...
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Correct Answer
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