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Profit growth is measured by


A) dividing the net profits of the firm by total invested capital.
B) subtracting the previous year's gross profit from the current year's gross profit.
C) calculating the difference between the previous year's profitability and the current year's profitability.
D) the percentage increase in net profits over time.
E) adding the profitability of the last two fiscal years.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The efficiency frontier has a convex shape because of


A) a high-cost structure.
B) diminishing returns.
C) a significantly low product value.
D) low production costs.
E) high profit growth.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Strategies that increase profitability can also expand a firm's business and thus enable it to attain a higher rate of profit growth.

A) True
B) False

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Serving a global market from a single location is consistent with


A) establishing a high-cost position.
B) taking advantage of location economies.
C) moving down the experience curve.
D) operating from a position which falls inside the efficiency frontier.
E) going up the global web.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Describe the global standardization strategy.

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Firms that pursue a global standardizati...

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A number of studies have observed that a product's production costs decline by some quantity about each time


A) annual output is halved.
B) cumulative output doubles.
C) the workforce is trimmed by 75 percent.
D) fixed investment triples.
E) foreign domestic investment doubles.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following terms best represents the norms and value systems that are shared among the employees of an organization?


A) process scenario
B) organizational structure
C) business structure
D) organizational culture
E) management structure

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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Omega,Inc.sells its fitness wrist band for $100.It cost the company $62 to make the product.Customers value the wrist band at $110.In this scenario,the consumer surplus is


A) $38.
B) $48.
C) $10.
D) $28.
E) $272.

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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Strategic alliances allow firms to share the fixed costs of developing new products or processes.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is true about learning effects?


A) They tend to be more significant in nonrepetitive tasks.
B) They tend to be less significant when a task is technologically complex.
C) They typically last a lifetime.
D) They are important only during the start-up period of a new process.
E) They do not have any effect on the cost of production.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Consumer surplus captures some of the value of a product thereby reducing the price a firm can charge for it.

A) True
B) False

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For a firm to maximize its profitability,it is necessary that it


A) creates products similar to the products of its competitors.
B) does not configure its internal operations to reduce costs.
C) minimizes the value of the consumer surplus.
D) picks a position on the efficiency frontier that is viable.
E) strips all the value out of its product offering.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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Omega,Inc.sells its fitness wrist band for $100.It cost the company $62 to make the product.Customers value the wrist band at $110.One of the reasons why Omega typically charges for its wrist band less than the value placed on it by the customer is because


A) the firm attempts to create value for the consumers by providing them a wide range of products.
B) it is normally impossible to segment a market based on each customer's reservation price.
C) the value creation results in a corresponding reduction in costs of production.
D) the firm frequently modifies its products to compete with the products introduced by other firms.
E) it is highly unlikely that the same good or service will be available to the customers from other firms.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The two phenomena that help explain the experience curve are


A) learning effects and economies of scale.
B) technology inputs and wealth transfer.
C) leveraging subsidiary and local responsiveness.
D) standardized manufacturing and global web.
E) efficiency frontier and location economies.

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following allows two or more firms to share the fixed costs (and associated risks) of developing new products or processes?


A) franchising agreement
B) global web
C) free trade agreement
D) strategic alliance
E) dispersion linkage

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Profit growth is measured by the percentage increase in net profits over time.

A) True
B) False

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The term organizational structure refers to the totality of a firm's organization,including organization architecture,control systems and incentives,organizational culture,processes,and people.

A) True
B) False

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What are the advantages of strategic alliances?

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The advantages of strategic alliances ar...

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Which of the following shows all of the different positions that a firm can adopt with regard to value creation and low cost assuming that its internal operations are configured adequately to support a particular position?


A) demand-value model
B) experience curve
C) efficiency frontier
D) optimal output model
E) surplus curve

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Over the course of nearly a hundred years,Omega's labor productivity has increases over time as its employees understand the most efficient ways to perform particular tasks.This is a result of


A) diminishing returns.
B) location economies.
C) economies of time.
D) learning effects.
E) an efficiency frontier.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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