A) Requiring larger employers to provide insurance for all of their full-time employees.
B) Providing health care directly to the poor through government-run clinics and hospitals.
C) Subsidizing the purchase of health insurance for those who buy to comply with the personal mandate.
D) Expanding Medicaid to cover anyone with an income less than 133 percent of the poverty level.
F) None of the above
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A) reduce health care costs for employers and their employees.
B) reduce medical malpractice suits.
C) enable groups of physicians to increase their fees.
D) direct patients to specialists rather than to more expensive primary-care physicians.
F) A) and B)
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A) HMO physicians charge on a traditional fee-for-service basis,while PPO physicians do not.
B) HMOs are usually for-profit organizations,whereas PPOs are not.
C) PPOs employ their own doctors,whereas HMOs do not.
D) PPO physicians charge on a traditional fee-for-service basis,while HMOs do not.
F) A) and C)
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A) the free-rider problem.
B) the moral hazard problem.
C) the adverse selection problem.
D) the Coase theorem.
F) All of the above
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A) are only available to those enrolled in Medicare.
B) allow workers to accumulate untaxed dollars for payment of qualified medical expenses.
C) are criticized because they require workers to "use it or lose it" each year;workers are not allowed to accumulate balances over time.
D) can only be used to pay for prescription drugs.
F) C) and D)
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A) Firms avoided the employer mandate by cutting worker hours to part-time status.
B) Insurance providers are allowed to deny coverage to those with preexisting conditions.
C) Many poor workers were ineligible to receive the subsidies necessary to help them fulfill the personal mandate.
D) States declined to set up the insurance exchanges specified in the act.
F) None of the above
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A) health care suppliers may reduce the supply of health care.
B) health care suppliers may increase the demand for health care.
C) collusion between health care suppliers and purchasers may accelerate the rise in costs.
D) resources may be underallocated to the health care industry.
F) None of the above
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A) are based on the traditional fee-for-service system of paying physicians.
B) charge a fixed amount per member,hire many of their own physicians,and provide health services only to members.
C) are also known as preferred provider organizations.
D) are illegal in several states.
F) A) and B)
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B) False
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A) is unique to the United States and not typically found in other countries.
B) is the most common form of health care provision in industrialized countries.
C) substantially reduces the cost of health care provision relative to national health insurance schemes.
D) provides a small percentage of health care spending in the United States.
F) C) and D)
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A) remained relatively unchanged in recent years.
B) risen slower than the overall price level.
C) risen at the same pace as the overall price level.
D) risen faster than the overall price level.
F) A) and C)
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A) rapidly rising costs and unequal access to health care.
B) declining quality of health care and the duplication of specialized equipment at hospitals.
C) declining per capita spending on health care and the moral hazard problem.
D) the decline in the number of family physicians and the failure to vaccinate children.
F) A) and C)
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A) it is more cost-efficient to prevent illnesses than to cure them.
B) physicians may require unnecessary testing as a means of protecting themselves against malpractice suits.
C) doctors know much more about diagnosing and treating illnesses than do health care consumers.
D) physicians do not advertise their services or fees.
F) C) and D)
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