Question 1

Evolution cannot explain

Accepted Answer

A)  how life started on Earth.
B)  how birds and mammals came from reptiles.
C)  how ocean-dwelling organisms moved to live on land.
D)  how one species diversifies into many species.
E)  how separate species may have very similar gene pools.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT lead to natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptations
B)  adjustments an individual makes during its lifetime
C)  heritable traits that lead to an advantage over others
D)  beneficial variations in some individuals of a population
E)  All answers are correct.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

A gradual change from an ancestral type was referred to by Darwin as

Accepted Answer

A)  uniformitarianism.
B)  descent with modification.
C)  fossils.
D)  natural selection.
E)  special creation.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

An organism's phenotype is

Accepted Answer

A)  the action of single genes.
B)  its observable properties.
C)  not influenced by environment.
D)  determined by traits acquired over the life of the organism.
E)  All answers are correct.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Use the Hardy-Weinberg equations: p + q = 1 and p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8,then what percent of the population will be heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.32
B)  0.16
C)  0.64
D)  0.04
E)  0.40F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 6

The French naturalist who in 1749 became one of the first scientists to suggest that closely-related species arose from a common ancestor and were changing was

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin.
B)  Georges Buffon.
C)  James Hutton.
D)  Georges Cuvier.
E)  Charles Lyell.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

The mode of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are less fit than the optimal intermediate phenotype is

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection.
B)  disruptive selection.
C)  stabilizing selection.
D)  artificial selection.
E)  uniformitarianism.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Farmers and horticulturalists bred broccoli,cauliflower,kale,and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection
B)  evolution
C)  genetic drift
D)  natural selection
E)  sexual selectionF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1,2pq represents

Accepted Answer

A)  the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals.
B)  the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.
C)  the frequency of heterozygous individuals.
D)  the frequency of homozygous recessive and heterozygous individuals.
E)  the frequency of homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Ancestors of the Galapagos finches had two different types of seeds to eat on some islands.Some seeds were very small,and required small beaks to handle.Other seeds were very large and required large strong beaks to crack.This led to ____ among the Galapagos finches.

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection
B)  stabilizing selection
C)  disruptive selection
D)  artificial selection
E)  sexual selectionF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

The few ancestors of the Galapagos finches who colonized the islands is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a bottleneck.
B)  natural selection.
C)  increased mutation rate.
D)  artificial selection.
E)  founder effect.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

Nonrandom mating,mutations,and genetic drift are mechanisms of microevolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Populations of ______ evolve.

Accepted Answer

A)  only animals
B)  only plants and animals
C)  all living organisms
D)  only multicellular organisms
E)  only unicellular organismsF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 14

The North American bison was hunted to near-extinction in the 1800s.It has since recovered,but with decreased genetic diversity.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  founder effect.
B)  a bottleneck effect.
C)  natural selection.
D)  increased mutation rate.
E)  artificial selection.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 15

Today,40% of hospital Staphylococcus infections are resistant to all antibiotics except one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The founder effect

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when large groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements,mating only among themselves.
B)  occurs when small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements,mating only among themselves.
C)  occurs when many members of a population die,resulting in a great loss of genetic diversity.
D)  occurs when many members of a population reproduce causing too much genetic diversity within the population.
E)  does not occur in naturE.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

Natural selection is one type of mechanism for evolution;evolution is the outcome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Antibiotic resistance is becoming more common in disease-causing bacteria because

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics are used in feed for livestock.
B)  antibiotics are sometimes prescribed for viral infections (due to pressure from patients) .
C)  some patients do not take the antibiotics as directed.
D)  antibiotics are used to treat infections in cattle,chickens,and other animals used for agricultural purposes.
E)  All answers are correct.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 19

Sexual selection is a type of natural selection resulting from variation in the ability to obtain mates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Evolution cannot occur in

Accepted Answer

A)  a single organism.
B)  a population of cats.
C)  humans.
D)  a species.
E)  asexual organisms.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Exam 12: Forces of Evolutionary Change

Sexual selection is a type of natural selection resulting from variation in the ability to obtain mates.

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The mode of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are less fit than the optimal intermediate phenotype is

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The few ancestors of the Galapagos finches who colonized the islands is an example of

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Natural selection is one type of mechanism for evolution;evolution is the outcome.

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Nonrandom mating,mutations,and genetic drift are mechanisms of microevolution.

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The founder effect

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Antibiotic resistance is becoming more common in disease-causing bacteria because

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Farmers and horticulturalists bred broccoli,cauliflower,kale,and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1,2pq represents

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The North American bison was hunted to near-extinction in the 1800s.It has since recovered,but with decreased genetic diversity.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A gradual change from an ancestral type was referred to by Darwin as

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Which of the following does NOT lead to natural selection?

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Evolution cannot explain

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Evolution cannot occur in

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An organism's phenotype is

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Ancestors of the Galapagos finches had two different types of seeds to eat on some islands.Some seeds were very small,and required small beaks to handle.Other seeds were very large and required large strong beaks to crack.This led to ____ among the Galapagos finches.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The French naturalist who in 1749 became one of the first scientists to suggest that closely-related species arose from a common ancestor and were changing was

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Today,40% of hospital Staphylococcus infections are resistant to all antibiotics except one.

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Populations of ______ evolve.

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Use the Hardy-Weinberg equations: p + q = 1 and p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8,then what percent of the population will be heterozygous?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p² + 2pq + q² = 1,2pq represents

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Use the Hardy-Weinberg equations: p + q = 1 and p² + 2pq + q² = 1.If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8,then what percent of the population will be heterozygous?

Correct Answer
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