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Fill in missing sub- and superscripts for all particles to complete the following equation for beta decay. Fill in missing sub- and superscripts for all particles to complete the following equation for beta decay.

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Which one of the following equations correctly represents electron capture by the Which one of the following equations correctly represents electron capture by the nucleus? A) B) C) D) E) nucleus?


A) Which one of the following equations correctly represents electron capture by the nucleus? A) B) C) D) E)
B) Which one of the following equations correctly represents electron capture by the nucleus? A) B) C) D) E)
C) Which one of the following equations correctly represents electron capture by the nucleus? A) B) C) D) E)
D) Which one of the following equations correctly represents electron capture by the nucleus? A) B) C) D) E)
E) Which one of the following equations correctly represents electron capture by the nucleus? A) B) C) D) E)

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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The isotopes of promethium, The isotopes of promethium, and are unstable, and lie on opposite sides of the line of stability . Which of the following combinations is most likely to represent the type of decay for these isotopes? A) promethium-144, <font face= symbol ></font> decay; promethium-134, positron decay B) promethium-144, positron decay; promethium-134, <font face= symbol ></font> decay C) promethium-144, positron decay; promethium-134, electron capture D) promethium-144, electron capture; promethium-134, positron decay E) promethium-144, <font face= symbol ></font> decay; promethium-134, <font face= symbol ></font> decay and The isotopes of promethium, and are unstable, and lie on opposite sides of the line of stability . Which of the following combinations is most likely to represent the type of decay for these isotopes? A) promethium-144, <font face= symbol ></font> decay; promethium-134, positron decay B) promethium-144, positron decay; promethium-134, <font face= symbol ></font> decay C) promethium-144, positron decay; promethium-134, electron capture D) promethium-144, electron capture; promethium-134, positron decay E) promethium-144, <font face= symbol ></font> decay; promethium-134, <font face= symbol ></font> decay are unstable, and lie on opposite sides of the "line of stability". Which of the following combinations is most likely to represent the type of decay for these isotopes?


A) promethium-144, decay; promethium-134, positron decay
B) promethium-144, positron decay; promethium-134, decay
C) promethium-144, positron decay; promethium-134, electron capture
D) promethium-144, electron capture; promethium-134, positron decay
E) promethium-144, decay; promethium-134, decay

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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No alpha decay is observed for isotopes of elements with Z < 83.

A) True
B) False

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Explain how the number of protons and neutrons in a radioactive nucleus can be used to predict its probable mode of decay. Illustrate your answer with a schematic graph, properly labeled, showing stable nuclides (nuclei) in relation to number of protons and neutrons.

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The "line of stability" on the accompany...

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A 55-kg person exposed to thorium-234 receives 7.5 × 104 particles, each with an energy of 1.6 × 10-14 J. How many rads does the person receive?


A) 2.1 × 10-19
B) 1.2 × 10-17
C) 2.2 × 10-9
D) 1.2 × 10-9
E) none of the above

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Gamma rays are not deflected by an electric field.

A) True
B) False

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Write a complete, balanced equation to represent the electron capture decay of argon-37.

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Cesium-134 is a emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years. How much of a 2.50-g sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10 years?


A) 0.0024 g
B) 0.078 g
C) 0.25 g
D) 0.50 g
E) none of the above

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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The isotopes The isotopes are all stable, while is radioactive. The mode of decay for is most likely to be A) positron decay. B) .<font face= symbol ></font> decay. C) .<font face= symbol ></font> decay. D) electron capture. E) .<font face= symbol ></font> decay. are all stable, while The isotopes are all stable, while is radioactive. The mode of decay for is most likely to be A) positron decay. B) .<font face= symbol ></font> decay. C) .<font face= symbol ></font> decay. D) electron capture. E) .<font face= symbol ></font> decay. is radioactive. The mode of decay for The isotopes are all stable, while is radioactive. The mode of decay for is most likely to be A) positron decay. B) .<font face= symbol ></font> decay. C) .<font face= symbol ></font> decay. D) electron capture. E) .<font face= symbol ></font> decay. is most likely to be


A) positron decay.
B) . decay.
C) . decay.
D) electron capture.
E) . decay.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The r-process occurs during supernova explosions.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following isotopes is definitely unstable?


A) Which of the following isotopes is definitely unstable? A) B) C) D) E)
B) Which of the following isotopes is definitely unstable? A) B) C) D) E)
C) Which of the following isotopes is definitely unstable? A) B) C) D) E)
D) Which of the following isotopes is definitely unstable? A) B) C) D) E)
E) Which of the following isotopes is definitely unstable? A) B) C) D) E)

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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Gamma rays are high energy electrons.

A) True
B) False

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Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)


A) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
B) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
C) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
D) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)
E) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction. A) B) C) D) E)

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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After 4 half-lives, the fraction of a radioactive isotope which still remains is approximately one-eighth.

A) True
B) False

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Positron decay and electron capture have the same net effect on the Z and N values of a nucleus.

A) True
B) False

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Which one of the following nuclei has a magic number of neutrons and/or protons?


A) Which one of the following nuclei has a magic number of neutrons and/or protons? A) B) C) D) E)
B) Which one of the following nuclei has a magic number of neutrons and/or protons? A) B) C) D) E)
C) Which one of the following nuclei has a magic number of neutrons and/or protons? A) B) C) D) E)
D) Which one of the following nuclei has a magic number of neutrons and/or protons? A) B) C) D) E)
E) Which one of the following nuclei has a magic number of neutrons and/or protons? A) B) C) D) E)

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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The isotopes The isotopes and are all stable, while is radioactive. The mode of decay for is most likely to be A) positron decay. B) alpha decay. C) beta decay. D) gamma decay. E) fission. and The isotopes and are all stable, while is radioactive. The mode of decay for is most likely to be A) positron decay. B) alpha decay. C) beta decay. D) gamma decay. E) fission. are all stable, while The isotopes and are all stable, while is radioactive. The mode of decay for is most likely to be A) positron decay. B) alpha decay. C) beta decay. D) gamma decay. E) fission. is radioactive. The mode of decay for The isotopes and are all stable, while is radioactive. The mode of decay for is most likely to be A) positron decay. B) alpha decay. C) beta decay. D) gamma decay. E) fission. is most likely to be


A) positron decay.
B) alpha decay.
C) beta decay.
D) gamma decay.
E) fission.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Radioactive decay follows zero-order kinetics.

A) True
B) False

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The s-process involves a slow succession of neutron absorption and beta decay processes during the normal life of a star.

A) True
B) False

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