Question 1

Overconfidence refers to the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A)   cling to our initial beliefs,even though they have been proven wrong.
B)   search for information that supports our preconceptions.
C)   underestimate the extent to which our beliefs and judgments are wrong.
D)   judge the likelihood of an event based on its availability in memory.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize:

Accepted Answer

A)   Spearman's concept of general intelligence.
B)   Binet's concept of mental age.
C)   Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences.
D)   Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Intelligence tests have effectively reduced discrimination in the sense that they have:

Accepted Answer

A)   avoided questions that require familiarity with any specific culture.
B)   helped limit reliance on educators' subjectively biased judgments of students' academic potential.
C)   provided an objective measure of teaching effectiveness in different public school systems.
D)   demonstrated that a general intelligence underlies a variety of intellectual skills.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   trial and error.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   confirmation bias.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Myra has such low self-esteem that she is often on the lookout for critical comments about her appearance and personality.Myra's behavior best illustrates the dangers of:

Accepted Answer

A)   confirmation bias.
B)   the framing effect.
C)   trial and error.
D)   algorithms.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

People more easily detect male discrimination against women than female discrimination against men because the former more closely resembles their discrimination:

Accepted Answer

A)   heuristic.
B)   algorithm.
C)   prototype.
D)   fixation.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard,a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers.His supervision strategy best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   an algorithm.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   framing.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men.This best illustrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

A)   heritability.
B)   a growth mind-set.
C)   predictive validity.
D)   stereotype threat.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Long before they can say words,many 6-month-old infants recognize the names of objects.This best illustrates their emerging capacity for:

Accepted Answer

A)   productive language.
B)   telegraphic speech.
C)   receptive language.
D)   outcome simulations.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Gardner's concept of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is most likely to be criticized for:

Accepted Answer

A)   lacking clarity.
B)   being indistinguishable from linguistic intelligence.
C)   being difficult to measure reliably.
D)   extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of skills or talents.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

When Larina started college,she was certain that she would never use illegal drugs.By the end of her freshman year,however,Larina had used an illegal drug on three different occasions.Larina's experience best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   overconfidence.
D)   the framing effect.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support:

Accepted Answer

A)   Spearman's belief in a general intelligence,or g,factor.
B)   Stern's formula for calculating IQ scores.
C)   Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences.
D)   Thorndike's concept of social intelligence.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

The most creative scientists are those who:

Accepted Answer

A)   investigate issues about which they have very little previous knowledge.
B)   are intrinsically motivated to solve problems.
C)   have little tolerance for ambiguity.
D)   have a timid personality.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Those who believe that becoming a professional musician requires inborn talents as well as a lot of practice are emphasizing the importance of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Sternberg's creative intelligence.
B)   Gardner's musical intelligence.
C)   nature and nurture.
D)   Spearman's g factor.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following people best illustrates Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jamal,a student who quickly recognizes the correct answers to multiple-choice test questions
B)   Gareth,a graduate student who generates many creative ideas
C)   Shelley,a newspaper reporter who has established a large network of information sources
D)   Cindy,a young mother who prefers cleaning her house to supervising her childrenE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Tahir teaches ninth-grade science classes in a high school located in an economically deprived area of a large city.He stresses to his students that the brain is like a muscle;it grows stronger with use as neuron connections grow.He praises effort rather than ability.Tahir is trying to help his students through fostering:

Accepted Answer

A)   trait heritability.
B)   stereotype threat.
C)   a growth mind-set.
D)   polygenetics.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

State lottery officials send residents a facsimile of a contest-winning check for over $5 million to encourage them to imagine themselves as possible winners.The lottery promoters are most clearly exploiting the influence of:

Accepted Answer

A)   confirmation bias.
B)   belief perseverance.
C)   an algorithm.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The same people are tested and retested over a period of years in a:

Accepted Answer

A)   factor analysis.
B)   longitudinal study.
C)   standardized test.
D)   cross-sectional study.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects.This best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   telegraphic speech.
B)   linguistic determinism.
C)   universal grammar.
D)   the bilingual advantage.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

People scoring higher on the Scottish national intelligence test at age 11 tended to ________ than those who scored lower.

Accepted Answer

A)   live longer
B)   be less creative
C)   talk at an earlier age
D)   experience more intellectual disabilitiesE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Exam 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Long before they can say words,many 6-month-old infants recognize the names of objects.This best illustrates their emerging capacity for:

Correct Answer
verified

Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard,a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers.His supervision strategy best illustrates:

Correct Answer
verified

Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men.This best illustrates the impact of:

Correct Answer
verified

State lottery officials send residents a facsimile of a contest-winning check for over $5 million to encourage them to imagine themselves as possible winners.The lottery promoters are most clearly exploiting the influence of:

Correct Answer
verified

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize:

Correct Answer
verified

Those who believe that becoming a professional musician requires inborn talents as well as a lot of practice are emphasizing the importance of:

Correct Answer
verified

People scoring higher on the Scottish national intelligence test at age 11 tended to ________ than those who scored lower.

Correct Answer
verified

Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects.This best illustrates:

Correct Answer
verified

The same people are tested and retested over a period of years in a:

Correct Answer
verified

Intelligence tests have effectively reduced discrimination in the sense that they have:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called:

Correct Answer
verified

People more easily detect male discrimination against women than female discrimination against men because the former more closely resembles their discrimination:

Correct Answer
verified

Gardner's concept of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is most likely to be criticized for:

Correct Answer
verified

Overconfidence refers to the tendency to:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following people best illustrates Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence?

Correct Answer
verified

When Larina started college,she was certain that she would never use illegal drugs.By the end of her freshman year,however,Larina had used an illegal drug on three different occasions.Larina's experience best illustrates:

Correct Answer
verified

The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support:

Correct Answer
verified

The most creative scientists are those who:

Correct Answer
verified

Myra has such low self-esteem that she is often on the lookout for critical comments about her appearance and personality.Myra's behavior best illustrates the dangers of:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Long before they can say words,many 6-month-old infants recognize the names of objects.This best illustrates their emerging capacity for:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard,a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers.His supervision strategy best illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men.This best illustrates the impact of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

State lottery officials send residents a facsimile of a contest-winning check for over $5 million to encourage them to imagine themselves as possible winners.The lottery promoters are most clearly exploiting the influence of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Those who believe that becoming a professional musician requires inborn talents as well as a lot of practice are emphasizing the importance of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People scoring higher on the Scottish national intelligence test at age 11 tended to ________ than those who scored lower.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects.This best illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The same people are tested and retested over a period of years in a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Intelligence tests have effectively reduced discrimination in the sense that they have:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People more easily detect male discrimination against women than female discrimination against men because the former more closely resembles their discrimination:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gardner's concept of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is most likely to be criticized for:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Overconfidence refers to the tendency to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following people best illustrates Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Larina started college,she was certain that she would never use illegal drugs.By the end of her freshman year,however,Larina had used an illegal drug on three different occasions.Larina's experience best illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most creative scientists are those who:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Myra has such low self-esteem that she is often on the lookout for critical comments about her appearance and personality.Myra's behavior best illustrates the dangers of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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