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Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

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Question 61

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The first step in any scientific investigation is ________.

A) forming the hypothesis
B) perceiving the question
C) coming to a conclusion
D) developing an argument

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Question 62

Multiple Choice

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Marcy is trying to define anxiety in a way that can be empirically tested.She is attempting to find an appropriate ________.

A) hypothesis
B) operational definition
C) double-blind study
D) theory

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 63

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The majority of psychologists work in ________.

In a laboratory,smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal.The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions.Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat.Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine.You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have.In this study,the dependent variable is ________.

Pavlov found that dogs would salivate to the sound of a bell before food was presented,demonstrating the process of conditioning.

In the statement "Critical thinking requires reasoned judgments," the word reasoned means ________.

The word correlation is often used as a synonym for ________.

The school of psychology called structuralism used a technique called ________,which involved reporting the contents of consciousness to study a person's experiences.

Control groups should receive exactly the same treatment as the experimental groups when conducting a research study.

A negative correlation means that high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other.

Which of the following is NOT an empirical question?

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?

The emerging field of brain imagery in cognitive neuroscience has developed methods,such as MRI,to examine ________.

You overhear psychology students preparing for a test.They note that one of the research methods often "fails to generalize." Which method is the MOST likely topic of their discussion?

Cognitive neuroscientists can examine the brain with ________.

John B.Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of ________.

The editors of Scientific American are able to obtain a representative sample of their readers in order to assess their attitudes toward preservation of the rainforests in Costa Rica.When interpreting the results of their survey,the editors will be able to ________.

In the 1970s,a 13-year-old girl was found locked up in a room,strapped to a potty chair.Since she had grown up in a world without human speech,researchers studied "Genie's" ability to acquire words,grammar,and pronunciation.This type of research is called a ________.

A correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of the ________.

A group of randomly selected subjects for a study that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called ________.