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The principle of superposition states:


A) The effect observed at each point of a wave made up of two or more waves is the sum of the effects that the individual waves would produce at that point.
B) Huygens' wavelets cannot be allowed to extend across regions where the phase velocity of the wave changes abruptly.
C) Sources of radiation whose phase angles are maintained at constant differences are said to be coherent.
D) A characteristic phenomenon of wave propagation is the tendency of a wave to expand around and behind any obstacles it chances to encounter.
E) A good source of waves at a particular frequency is a good detector of waves at the same frequency.

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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A helium-neon laser emits light of wavelength 632.8 nm and has a power output of 3 mW. How many photons are emitted per second by this laser?


A) 9.55 * 1014
B) 9.55* 1015
C) 8.24 * 1015
D) 6.53 *1015
E) 4.78 *1015

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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If the wavelength λ\lambda of the incident light is large compared with the size of the atom, the probability of elastic scattering varies as


A) λ\lambda
B) λ\lambda 4
C) λ\lambda -4
D) λ\lambda 2
E) λ\lambda -3

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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  A ray of light is shown being reflected at the surface of a material. If the reflected ray is completely plane polarized, the index of refraction of the material is approximately A)  1.3 B)  1.9 C)  0.63 D)  0.80 E)  1.8 A ray of light is shown being reflected at the surface of a material. If the reflected ray is completely plane polarized, the index of refraction of the material is approximately


A) 1.3
B) 1.9
C) 0.63
D) 0.80
E) 1.8

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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  For the prism immersed in water (n = 1.33) , the minimum index of refraction that will produce total reflection of the indicated ray is approximately A)  0.94 B)  1.28 C)  1.50 D)  1.65 E)  1.88 For the prism immersed in water (n = 1.33) , the minimum index of refraction that will produce total reflection of the indicated ray is approximately


A) 0.94
B) 1.28
C) 1.50
D) 1.65
E) 1.88

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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A light wave traveling at speed v1 in medium 1 passes into medium 2 where its speed is v2. By which of the following equations is the frequency f1 of the wave in medium 1 related to its frequency f2 in medium 2? ( θ\theta 1 and θ\theta 2 are the angles of incidence and refraction.)


A) f1 sin θ\theta 1 = f2 sin θ\theta 2
B) f1v2 = f2v1
C) f1 = f2
D) f1v1 = f2v2
E) f1 sin θ\theta 2 = f2 sin θ\theta 1

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Two clear but non-mixing liquids each of depth 15 cm are placed together in a glass container. The liquids have refractive indices of 1.75 and 1.33. What is the apparent depth of the combination when viewed from above?


A) 19.8 cm
B) 23.1 cm
C) 17.7 cm
D) 9.9 cm
E) None of these is correct.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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  The reflected ray that is most nearly completely plane polarized is A)  1 B)  2 C)  3 D)  4 E)  5 The reflected ray that is most nearly completely plane polarized is


A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Light traveling in a transparent medium with an index of refraction n1 is incident on a transparent boundary with a second transparent medium with an index n2. Very little light is transmitted into the second medium. Which of the following statements must be true?


A) n1 equals n2
B) n1 is somewhat greater than n2
C) n2 is somewhat greater than n1
D) n2 is much greater than n1
E) Either index of refraction is much greater than the other

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Ultra fast pulse lasers can emit pulses of the order 10 fs. If each pulse that is 10 fs long and the wavelength of the laser is 500 nm, the number of wavelengths in each pulse is


A) 6
B) 10
C) 12
D) 50
E) 120

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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  A ray of light (ab)  is incident on the surface of a piece of glass at such an angle that the reflected ray (bc)  is totally polarized. The directed line segment that represents the refracted ray is A)  1 B)  2 C)  3 D)  4 E)  None of these is correct. A ray of light (ab) is incident on the surface of a piece of glass at such an angle that the reflected ray (bc) is totally polarized. The directed line segment that represents the refracted ray is


A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) None of these is correct.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The frequency of light that has a photon energy of 3.5 eV is


A) 9.55 * 1014 Hz
B) 9.55 *1015 Hz
C) 8.46 * 1015 Hz
D) 6.53 *1015 Hz
E) 4.78 *1015 Hz

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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An unpolarized beam of light is incident on a group of three polarizing sheets that are lined up so that the characteristic direction of each is rotated by 45º clockwise with respect to the preceding sheet. The fraction of the incident intensity Io that is transmitted is


A) zero
B) Io/2
C) Io/4
D) Io/6
E) Io/8

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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  A ray of light strikes a slab of glass at an angle of incidence of 35º. The angle of refraction in the glass is A)  22º B)  63º C)  27º D)  90º E)  None of these is correct. A ray of light strikes a slab of glass at an angle of incidence of 35º. The angle of refraction in the glass is


A) 22º
B) 63º
C) 27º
D) 90º
E) None of these is correct.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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  The diagram shows a ray of light entering a block of polyethylene (n = 1.5) . The path of this ray after it has passed through the block is A)  1 B)  2 C)  3 D)  4 E)  5 The diagram shows a ray of light entering a block of polyethylene (n = 1.5) . The path of this ray after it has passed through the block is


A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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If the refractive index of glass is 1.5 and the refractive index of a particular liquid is 1.38, then calculate the value for the critical angle of total internal reflection at the liquid-glass interface.


A) 23.1 °\degree
B) 66.9 °\degree
C) 82.8 °\degree
D) 42.6 °\degree
E) None of these is correct.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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When light is reflected from a plane surface of glass at the polarizing angle, the


A) reflected ray is at right angles to the incident ray.
B) angle of reflection is equal to the angle of refraction.
C) incident ray is at right angles to the refracted ray.
D) reflected ray is at right angles to the refracted ray.
E) intensity of the reflected light is a maximum.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is not a phenomenon by which polarized light can be produced from unpolarized light?


A) absorption
B) reflection
C) birefringence
D) diffraction
E) scattering

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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   The index of refraction is related to the prism angle and the angle of minimum deviation by n = sin ½( \delta  +  \phi  ) /sin ½ \phi   The angle of minimum deviation in the figure is angle A)  1 B)  2 C)  3 D)  4 E)  5 The index of refraction is related to the prism angle and the angle of minimum deviation by n = sin ½( δ\delta + ϕ\phi ) /sin ½ ϕ\phi The angle of minimum deviation in the figure is angle


A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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A 60 °\degree prism has a refractive index of 1.71. Calculate the angle of emergence out of the prism for a ray that enters one side at an angle almost parallel to one face, i.e. at 90 °\degree to the normal.


A) 24.3 °\degree
B) 35.8 °\degree
C) 45.1 °\degree
D) 48.7 °\degree
E) 55.3 °\degree

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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