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From the perspective of population growth, what three major age groups does a population contain? Draw three age-structure diagrams that roughly depict the proportion of these three age groups in an increasing population, a stable population, and a decreasing population.

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The three age groups are those...

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Identify the distribution patterns of the desert shrubs in each picture. Identify the distribution patterns of the desert shrubs in each picture.

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A. clumped...

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A pond represents a(n) _______ while the minnows represent a(n) ______.


A) population; community
B) population; ecosystem
C) ecosystem; population
D) community; population
E) ecosystem; community

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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As the carrying capacity of an environment is approached by a population,


A) births begin to exceed deaths.
B) deaths begin to exceed births.
C) the rate of reproduction increases.
D) population growth begins to be exponential.
E) density-dependent environmental resistance increases.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Early this spring researchers have recently discovered that there is one small remnant population of endangered bluegrass left in a small prairie plot outside of Kansas City. If there are approximately 850 individuals in the cohort, how many individuals can the researchers expect to find alive at the end of the summer, 6 months later?


A) Approximately 1000
B) Approximately 330
C) Approximately 700
D) Approximately 45
E) None of the individuals will be alive 6 months later.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Most species are intermediate between r-strategists and K-strategists, and tend to have a type II survivorship curve.

A) True
B) False

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Intrinsic factors, such as behavior and physiology, may affect growth rates of a population.

A) True
B) False

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Dandelions and tent caterpillars, which are r-strategists, are examples of opportunistic species that tend to move in high numbers and rapidly occupy new environments.

A) True
B) False

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The population growth rate is negative when


A) birthrate is greater than death rate.
B) death rate is greater than birth rate.
C) all couples are married but average fewer than two children apiece.
D) a country becomes poorer, because it is related to economic growth.
E) better health care reduces the death rate and increases survivorship of newborns.

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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The deceleration phase of growth always precedes the stable equilibrium phase in exponential growth.

A) True
B) False

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Farmers sprayed leechi trees to suppress populations of scale insects. This also killed the populations of a predatory lacewing that controlled the numbers of scales. Soon the spraying did no good, and the damage to the leechi from the scales was greater than before spraying had occurred. Few predatory lacewings exist in the trees now because


A) they, too, are insects so they are r-selected.
B) the scale insect was K-selected and the high number of young included a resistant strain, while the predator was r-selected and will take longer to produce a resistant variety.
C) the predator was r-selected and was therefore more susceptible to the spray.
D) the scale insect was r-selected and the high number of young included a resistant strain; the predator was K-selected and will take longer to produce a resistant variety.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In a population with low death rates, this age structure diagram indicates that In a population with low death rates, this age structure diagram indicates that   A)  the population is decreasing. B)  the population is stable. C)  the biotic potential must be larger than usual. D)  the population will continue to grow for some time.


A) the population is decreasing.
B) the population is stable.
C) the biotic potential must be larger than usual.
D) the population will continue to grow for some time.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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The maximum rate of natural increase of a population that occurs under ideal conditions is the


A) population growth.
B) biotic potential.
C) environmental resistance.
D) carrying capacity.
E) density-independent population.

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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