Question 1

What is the most plausible explanation for why the male of most bird species have elaborate plumage and mating rituals?

Accepted Answer

A)   sexual selection
B)   genetic mutations
C)   gene flow
D)   natural selectionE) B) and D)
F) C) and D) A

Question 2

The northern elephant seal was hunted almost to extinction during the 18th and 19th centuries. Less than 100 seals were left to contribute to the gene pool of their future generations. Since the early 20th century, the elephant seals have been protected by law in both the U.S. and Mexico. Over 100,000 seals now inhabit the western shores of North America, all related to the small population that survived the slaughter of hunters.
Scientists fear the elephant seals may be more susceptible to disease and pollution due to a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   heterozygous advantage
B)   disruptive type of selection
C)   Founder Effect
D)   Bottleneck EffectE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

A student proposes that left-handedness is a recessive trait that is therefore hidden in much of the human population. A survey of a class of 36 students finds that 27 (0.75)  are right-handed and 9 (0.25)  are left-handed. Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what would the expected genotypes and allele frequencies be in this theoretical population?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.75 homozygous dominant and 0.25 homozygous recessive, and a 3-to-1, right-to-left handed allele ratio in the population.
B)   0.25 homozygous dominant, 0.50 heterozygous, and 0.25 homozygous recessive, and a 0.75 dominant allele frequency and a 0.25 recessive allele frequency.
C)   0.25 homozygous dominant, 0.50 heterozygous, and 0.25 homozygous recessive, and a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele.
D)   0.50 homozygous dominant, 0.25 heterozygous, and 0.25 homozygous recessive, and a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele.
E)   They cannot be estimated using these limited data.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 4

Scientists have studied, in detail, the evolution of the peppered moth, Biston betularia, over the last two hundred years. The peppered moths rest on tree trunks and are a tempting treat for birds in the area. In the mid -1800's the trees in their England habitat were covered with lichens, which are a light, grayish - green color. Although color variations occurred, the vast majority of the moths were light-colored. Because their light coloration effectively camouflaged them against the lichens-covered trees, they were not as easily seen by birds as darker colored moths. The light colored moths flourished.
The environment changed, as the Industrial Revolution progressed. By 1900, the lichens had died and trees were coated with soot due to the industrial pollution. The lighter colored moths were no longer 'hidden' in their environment, and in fact, were easily seen by their predators. Their numbers dwindled. At the same time, the darker-colored moths flourished because of their ability to hide on the darkened trees.
As environmental standards have been implemented, environmental conditions have shifted, allowing lichens to grow on tree trunks.
a. What type of selection is this?
b. What is the agent of selection?
c. What alleles were favored in the clean environment? The polluted environment?

Accepted Answer

a. This is an example of directional sel...

Question 5

Which of the following is required for natural selection to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)   variation in the population
B)   inheritance of variation through genetic differences
C)   differential reproduction so that the more fit individuals have more offspring that survive to reproduce
D)   accumulation of adaptive traits so that they increase in the population
E)   All of the choices are required.F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following reflect(s)  the likely presence of (a)  gene mutation(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fruit flies subjected to intense radiation produce a wider array of variable offspring.
B)   A chemical leaking from the surface of an old abandoned coal mine alters a regulatory gene so that a cricket nymph develops an extra set of eyes.
C)   The bacteria that cause gonorrhea, a common sexually transmitted disease, have previously been killed by penicillin; however, after continuous usage of the antibiotic, penicillin-resistant strains are now becoming prevalent.
D)   Radiation causes an alteration in a DNA nucleotide sequence, which is discovered when mapped, but which appears to be neither increasing nor decreasing in successive generations.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D) E

Question 7

In the case of the peppered moths in England, when Kettlewell set up cameras to document that more white or black moths were eaten by birds on clean or sooty trees, he was verifying which factor involved in evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)   The organisms vary in traits and that these traits may be acquired during a lifetime.
B)   The variation is inherited.
C)   More young are born than can survive, so there will always be competition.
D)   Some individuals are better adapted to a particular environment than other individuals.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

If two adjacent populations of the same species show gene flow, then the two populations will

Accepted Answer

A)   become more similar in their gene pools.
B)   become isolated from each other.
C)   develop into different species.
D)   adapt to different conditions and become separate.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Which statement is NOT true about the Founder Effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a form of genetic drift.
B)   It produces a high frequency of some rare alleles in a small isolated population.
C)   Founding members contain a tiny fraction of the alleles found in the original population.
D)   The Founder Effect occurs when a population is subjected to near extinction and then recovers so that only a few alleles are left in survivors.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following conditions is necessary to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)   random mating
B)   mutations
C)   sexual selection
D)   gene flow
E)   genetic driftF) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

A population was surveyed to determine the percentage of individuals with detached earlobes and attached earlobes. 16% of the population was found to have attached earlobes, a trait coded for by a recessive allele. Calculate the allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies of the population, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is maintained.

Accepted Answer

An attached earlobe is the expression of...

Question 12

What do the Founder Effect and the Bottleneck Effect have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   both the Founder Effect and the bottleneck effect result from mutation
B)   both the Founder Effect and the bottleneck effect result from increase gene flow
C)   both the Founder Effect and the bottleneck effect are examples of disruptive selection
D)   both the Founder Effect and the bottleneck effect occur by chanceE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

While studying gull egg laying abilities a researcher noted that the birds laid an average of 7 - 9 eggs per clutch at the beginning of the study. After studying the population for 15 generations the researcher noted that the birds now laid an average of 3- 4 eggs per clutch. What type of natural selection is occurring in the population of gulls? rev: 12_12_2013_QC_42519

Accepted Answer

A)   stabilizing
B)   directional
C)   disruptive
D)   There is no selection occurring in this population.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Social research indicates that a person is most likely to marry someone from the same village or city, or a high school or college classmate. Therefore, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not apply well to human populations because

Accepted Answer

A)   allelic changes in one direction are balanced by changes in the opposite direction.
B)   there is no directional trend in selection of mates since most individuals marry someone.
C)   individuals are not pairing up by chance across the whole population.
D)   this increases gene flow.
E)   we accumulate adaptive traits that improve the population.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following is/are a biological "population?"

Accepted Answer

A)   all of the corn plants in a cornfield
B)   all of the variable-colored ladybird beetles of the species Harmonia axyridis in a forest
C)   all male and female English sparrows that reside in your community
D)   all of the human population of a rural western town
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

A dominant allele is found in a population with a frequency of 0.8. As the environment begins to change, the dominant allele is not favored. Scientists find that the frequency of the dominant allele decreases by half each generation. What are the allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies before and one generation after the population begins to change. Is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium maintained?

Accepted Answer

No. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium...

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true about natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)   Directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is favored over another different extreme phenotype.
B)   Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate phenotype over either of the extreme phenotypes.
C)   Disruptive selection favors both of the extreme phenotypes over the intermediate phenotype.
D)   Directional selection leads to improved selection in a stable environment.
E)   Disruptive selection leads to polymorphism, favoring different forms of the same species.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

A certain species of butterfly varies in color from white to dark blue. The birds found in the same area feed on the white or lightly colored butterflies, leaving butterflies that are darkly colored. This may result in what type of selection?

Accepted Answer

A)   stabilizing selection
B)   disruptive selection
C)   directional selectionD) A) and B)
E) A) and C) C

Question 19

The Founder Effect is an example of genetic drift in which rare alleles occur at a higher frequency in a population isolated from the general population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The recessive allele for sickle cell anemia is more prevalent in regions of Africa where malaria is prevalent, than it is in regions where there is no malaria. This is due to a

Accepted Answer

A)   heterozygous advantage.
B)   Founder Effect.
C)   frequency dependent selection.
D)   bottleneck effect.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 16: How Populations Evolve

What is the most plausible explanation for why the male of most bird species have elaborate plumage and mating rituals?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
a. This is an example of directional sel...
View Answer

Which of the following is required for natural selection to occur in a population?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following reflect(s) the likely presence of (a) gene mutation(s) ?

Correct Answer
verified
E

In the case of the peppered moths in England, when Kettlewell set up cameras to document that more white or black moths were eaten by birds on clean or sooty trees, he was verifying which factor involved in evolution by natural selection?

Correct Answer
verified

If two adjacent populations of the same species show gene flow, then the two populations will

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is NOT true about the Founder Effect?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following conditions is necessary to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
An attached earlobe is the expression of...
View Answer

What do the Founder Effect and the Bottleneck Effect have in common?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Social research indicates that a person is most likely to marry someone from the same village or city, or a high school or college classmate. Therefore, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not apply well to human populations because

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is/are a biological "population?"

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
No. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium...
View Answer

Which statement is NOT true about natural selection?

Correct Answer
verified

A certain species of butterfly varies in color from white to dark blue. The birds found in the same area feed on the white or lightly colored butterflies, leaving butterflies that are darkly colored. This may result in what type of selection?

Correct Answer
verified
C

The Founder Effect is an example of genetic drift in which rare alleles occur at a higher frequency in a population isolated from the general population.

Correct Answer
verified

The recessive allele for sickle cell anemia is more prevalent in regions of Africa where malaria is prevalent, than it is in regions where there is no malaria. This is due to a

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 16: How Populations Evolve

What is the most plausible explanation for why the male of most bird species have elaborate plumage and mating rituals?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answerverifieda. This is an example of directional sel...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is required for natural selection to occur in a population?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following reflect(s) the likely presence of (a) gene mutation(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

In the case of the peppered moths in England, when Kettlewell set up cameras to document that more white or black moths were eaten by birds on clean or sooty trees, he was verifying which factor involved in evolution by natural selection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If two adjacent populations of the same species show gene flow, then the two populations will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about the Founder Effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following conditions is necessary to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedAn attached earlobe is the expression of...View AnswerShow Answer

What do the Founder Effect and the Bottleneck Effect have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social research indicates that a person is most likely to marry someone from the same village or city, or a high school or college classmate. Therefore, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not apply well to human populations because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is/are a biological "population?"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedNo. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about natural selection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A certain species of butterfly varies in color from white to dark blue. The birds found in the same area feed on the white or lightly colored butterflies, leaving butterflies that are darkly colored. This may result in what type of selection?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The Founder Effect is an example of genetic drift in which rare alleles occur at a higher frequency in a population isolated from the general population.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The recessive allele for sickle cell anemia is more prevalent in regions of Africa where malaria is prevalent, than it is in regions where there is no malaria. This is due to a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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A

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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a. This is an example of directional sel...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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E

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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An attached earlobe is the expression of...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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No. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium...
View Answer

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C

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Correct Answer
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