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In passive absption, nutrients enter the cell


A) with a carrier.
B) with the expenditure of energy.
C) from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
D) from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?


A) Breaks apart food particles
B) Controls passage of food through the GI tract
C) Controls peristalsis
D) Releases enzymes and hormones into the GI tract

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?


A) Pyloric
B) Esophageal
C) Rectal
D) Ileocecal

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following act as a code book f synthesizing specific proteins required to perfm specific body tasks?


A) RNA
B) Cells
C) Organs
D) DNA

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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A function of the large intestine is to absb


A) fats and proteins.
B) vitamins and minerals.
C) water and minerals.
D) proteins and carbohydrates.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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The muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called


A) regurgitation.
B) peristalsis.
C) propulsion.
D) compression.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Match the following with the descriptions below

Premises
Fingerlike projections in the small intestine that participate in digestion and absorption of foodstuffs
A compound that speeds the rate of chemical processes but is not altered by the process
Tissue lining erosion in the stomach or upper small intestine
Movement of nutrients from the intestinal lumen into absorptive cells from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Nitrogen-containing waste product found in urine
A brothy, meaty, savory flavor in some foods; monosodium glutamate enhances this flavor
Collection of cells adapted to perform a specific function
The process whereby food is broken into forms that can be absorbed across the wall of the GI tract
A muscular valve that controls the flow of foodstuffs into the stomach
A collection of organs that work together to perform an overall function
The site of hereditary information in cells
A pain emanating from the esophagus caused by stomach acid backing up and irritating its tissue
A substance released into the small intestine to aid fat absorption
A mixture of stomach secretions and partially digested food
A group of tissues designed to perform a specific function
Movement of nutrients into absorptive cells using a carrier and expending energy
Responses
Active absorption
Enzyme
Villi
Organ system
Bile
Heartburn
DNA
Esophageal sphincter
Digestion
Tissue
Umami
Chyme
Passive absorption
Urea
Ulcer
Organ

Correct Answer

Fingerlike projections in the small intestine that participate in digestion and absorption of foodstuffs
A compound that speeds the rate of chemical processes but is not altered by the process
Tissue lining erosion in the stomach or upper small intestine
Movement of nutrients from the intestinal lumen into absorptive cells from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Nitrogen-containing waste product found in urine
A brothy, meaty, savory flavor in some foods; monosodium glutamate enhances this flavor
Collection of cells adapted to perform a specific function
The process whereby food is broken into forms that can be absorbed across the wall of the GI tract
A muscular valve that controls the flow of foodstuffs into the stomach
A collection of organs that work together to perform an overall function
The site of hereditary information in cells
A pain emanating from the esophagus caused by stomach acid backing up and irritating its tissue
A substance released into the small intestine to aid fat absorption
A mixture of stomach secretions and partially digested food
A group of tissues designed to perform a specific function
Movement of nutrients into absorptive cells using a carrier and expending energy

Which pH best describes the environment of the stomach when stimulated?


A) Neutral
B) Both acidic and basic
C) Acidic
D) Basic

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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What is one function of the pylic sphincter?


A) Prevents esophageal contents from emptying too quickly into the stomach
B) Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus
C) Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach
D) Prevents intestinal contents from emptying too quickly into the colon

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Blood leaving the intestine goes by way of a vein to the


A) kidneys.
B) heart.
C) liver.
D) pancreas.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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A muscular ring that prevents backflow of materials into the previous digestive compartment is called a _______________.

Correct Answer

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The ________________________ system shelters humans from threats such as diseases and toxins.


A) lymphatic
B) immune
C) cardiovascular
D) endocrine

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Transmission of nerve impulses relies on the concentrations of ______ in the neuron.


A) B vitamins
B) calcium and magnesium
C) cholesterol
D) sodium and potassium

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is a description of chyme?


A) A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines
B) The semisolid mass of undigested food that is swallowed
C) The mixture of pancreatic juices containing enzymes for digestion
D) A thick, viscous material synthesized by mucosal cells for protection against digestive juices

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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A(n) _______________ is a medication that inhibits the ability of gastric cells to secrete hydrogen ions.

Correct Answer

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proton pum...

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The wall of the small intestine is folded, and within the folds are fingerlike projections called _______________.

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The primary components of fecal material are water and _______________.

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fiber OR u...

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What percentage of a meal has been absbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?


A) 25%
B) 55%
C) 80%
D) 95%

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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The study of how food impacts health through its interaction with our genes and its subsequent effect on gene expression is called


A) epidemiology.
B) molecular biology.
C) nutrigenomics.
D) genetic engineering.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is true about the lymphatic system?


A) The specialized fluid carried by this system is blood.
B) This system never intersects with the bloodstream.
C) It is not involved in the transport of nutrients.
D) It is important for transporting fat-soluble nutrients.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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