Question 1

In order to infect a cell,a virus must

Accepted Answer

A)  inject its protein into the cell while the nucleic acid remains attached to the host cell surface.
B)  have a special protein spike on its surface capsid that can interact with a receptor protein on the surface of the host cell.
C)  actively burrow through the cell wall or cell membrane of the host cell to reach the cell's nucleus.
D)  produce a special extension of its cytoplasm when it comes into contact with the appropriate host cell.
E)  have enzymes to break down the cell wall or cell membrane of the host cell.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 2

Which feature is lacking in the cell wall of archaea that will distinguish them from the bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidoglycan
B)  phospholipids
C)  proteins
D)  polysaccharides
E)  None of the answer choices are lacking in the cell walls of the archaea.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Which of these is the most accurate description of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  a noncellular living organism
B)  one of the smallest bacteria known
C)  a member of the kingdom Virusae
D)  a cell at the boundary between living and nonliving things
E)  chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by proteinF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

Influenza strains that sweep around the world often carry names such as Shanghai H1N1 or Mexico City H2N2.The viruses vary in H and N surface spikes because

Accepted Answer

A)  the viruses reproduce on their own and attack people in cities more often.
B)  these viruses emerged as stray DNA from the genomes of people in these cities.
C)  this is where the antibodies of immune people began to break down and the old virus was again virulent.
D)  infected people develop immunity to the original strain,and strains that mutate sufficiently to be outside the range of immunity are soon spread in highly populated areas.
E)  the H and N surface spikes are obtained from the human hosts.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

If a virus is latent,

Accepted Answer

A)  it cannot be a retrovirus.
B)  the viral genome is reproduced along with the host cell.
C)  it must be a retrovirus.
D)  it is gaining a new envelope via "budding."
E)  it is easy to develop immunity against.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

Which description best fits a chemoautotroph bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  They reduce carbon dioxide to an organic compound by using energetic electrons derived from chemicals.
B)  They reduce carbon dioxide to an inorganic compound by using energetic electrons derived from chemicals.
C)  They run photosynthesis that uses solar energy to produce their own food.
D)  They transfer electrons to sulfate,producing hydrogen sulfate.
E)  All of the answer choices are descriptions of a chemoautotroph bacteria.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

What feature enables the archaea to survive in harsh environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  their plasma membranes and cell walls
B)  their metabolism
C)  the ability to form multicellular organisms
D)  their reproductive capabilities
E)  their nucleusF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

What is the evolutionary relationship among archaea,bacteria,and eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since archaea are the most primitive,archaean ancestors gave rise to bacteria that in turn gave rise to eukaryotes.
B)  All three domains are equally distant from the most primitive common ancestor,a protocell.
C)  Archaea and eukarya share nucleic acid similarities,so eukarya split off from archaea.
D)  Bacterial ancestors gave rise to both archaea and to eukaryotes as two separate side branches.
E)  Archaea ancestors gave rise to both bacteria and to eukaryotes as two separate side branches.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Which of the following organisms is considered a microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria
B)  snail
C)  eagle
D)  oak tree
E)  roundwormF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Which theory would suggest that both polypeptides and RNA arose at the same time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aleksandr Oparin's coacervate theory
B)  Stanley Miller's chemical soup theory
C)  Sidney Fox's protein-first hypothesis
D)  Alexander Cairns-Smith's simultaneous evolution of polypeptides and RNA
E)  Darwin's original theory of evolution,as written in Origin of SpeciesF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 11

In a liquid environment,____ molecules will automatically form droplets called liposomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acid
B)  protein
C)  glucose
D)  phospholipid
E)  nucleic acidF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Although microbes are often equated with pathogens,not all are pathogenic and some help humans maintain their health.Which of the following are synthesized by bacteria that live in the human intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  folic acid and vitamin B12
B)  insulin and vitamin K
C)  lipids and folic acid
D)  vitamin K and lipids
E)  vitamins K and B12F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Which group does NOT have members that cause human disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea
B)  bacteria
C)  fungi
D)  prions
E)  virusesF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

The response of bacteria that allows them to be identified as Gram-positive or Gram-negative is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the type of DNA or RNA they contain.
B)  their ability or lack of ability to fix nitrogen.
C)  whether they are aerobic or anaerobic.
D)  whether their cell walls have a thin or thick layer of peptidoglycan.
E)  the rRNA sequences they demonstrate.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

List the four stages that are thought to have led to the formation of the first cells.

Accepted Answer

Stage 1: Organic monomers evolved from i...

Question 16

Which term does NOT apply to the first protocell?

Accepted Answer

A)  fermentation
B)  autotrophic
C)  membrane-bound
D)  single-celled
E)  self-replicatingF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

The life cycle stage of an animal virus during which a mature capsid forms around copies of the viral RNA genome is

Accepted Answer

A)  budding.
B)  attachment.
C)  biosynthesis.
D)  uncoating.
E)  assembly.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

According to Fox's laboratory experiments,the protocell could have been composed

Accepted Answer

A)  only of carbohydrates.
B)  mostly of polypeptides.
C)  of phospholipids.
D)  of chitinous threads.
E)  of protein and RNA.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Which of the following forms of energy is NOT one of those thought to have been involved in the production of large organic molecules in the primitive reducing atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  radioactivity
B)  electrical energy
C)  heat
D)  radiation from the sun
E)  soundF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following associations is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  herpesvirus-chicken pox
B)  Epstein-Barr virus-herpes
C)  viroid-shingles
D)  prion-influenza
E)  HIV-chicken poxF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Exam 28: Viruses, bacteria, and Archaea

Which description best fits a chemoautotroph bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the four stages that are thought to have led to the formation of the first cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedStage 1: Organic monomers evolved from i...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Fox's laboratory experiments,the protocell could have been composed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to infect a cell,a virus must

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following associations is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following forms of energy is NOT one of those thought to have been involved in the production of large organic molecules in the primitive reducing atmosphere?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which feature is lacking in the cell wall of archaea that will distinguish them from the bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Influenza strains that sweep around the world often carry names such as Shanghai H1N1 or Mexico City H2N2.The viruses vary in H and N surface spikes because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a liquid environment,____ molecules will automatically form droplets called liposomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is the most accurate description of a virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The life cycle stage of an animal virus during which a mature capsid forms around copies of the viral RNA genome is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following organisms is considered a microbe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the evolutionary relationship among archaea,bacteria,and eukarya?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which term does NOT apply to the first protocell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The response of bacteria that allows them to be identified as Gram-positive or Gram-negative is due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory would suggest that both polypeptides and RNA arose at the same time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a virus is latent,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which group does NOT have members that cause human disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What feature enables the archaea to survive in harsh environments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although microbes are often equated with pathogens,not all are pathogenic and some help humans maintain their health.Which of the following are synthesized by bacteria that live in the human intestine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Stage 1: Organic monomers evolved from i...
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Influenza strains that sweep around the world often carry names such as Shanghai H₁N₁ or Mexico City H₂N₂.The viruses vary in H and N surface spikes because

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