Question 1

The neurotransmitter ________, which helps control the preciseness of the signal sent from one neuron to another, decreases with aging.

Accepted Answer

A)   serotonin
B)   dopamine
C)   gamma-aminobutyric acid
D)   noradrenalineE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following biological reasons explains women's increased resistance to infections and degenerative diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)   estrogen production and the additional X chromosome
B)   lower cholesterol levels and improved lung function
C)   postmenopausal hormone levels and increased body water
D)   better osmoregulation and lower trans fatE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following best describes sirtuins?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes and are proposed as being the key components of the stem cell regeneration process, providing a possible avenue to restrain cancer and delay aging.
B)   They are unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet around the cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures.
C)   They are a family of proteins that have been proposed as having important influences on longevity, mitochondria functioning in energy, calorie restriction benefits, stress resistance, and cardiovascular functioning.
D)   They are tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

What is a leading cause of blindness in older adults?

Accepted Answer

A)   presbyopia
B)   myopia
C)   macular degeneration
D)   retinal hardeningE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following is a major antioxidant vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A)   vitamin C
B)   vitamin A
C)   vitamin B7
D)   vitamin B1E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following is a similarity between cellular clock, free-radical, and mitochondrial theories?

Accepted Answer

A)   They attribute the process of aging to hormonal changes.
B)   They attempt to explain aging at the cellular level.
C)   They discount the role of genetics in aging.
D)   They emphasize the effects of ecological factors on aging.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Reductions in ________ have been linked to small declines in memory functioning and to the severe memory loss associated with Alzheimer disease.

Accepted Answer

A)   gamma-aminobutyric acid
B)   dopamine
C)   acetylcholine
D)   adrenalineE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Based on the ways cells divide, Hayflick places the upper limit of the human life-span potential at about ________ years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)   90 to 100
B)   100 to 110
C)   120 to 125
D)   110 to 119E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is true of substance abuse?

Accepted Answer

A)   In 2010, the percentage of individuals who engaged in binge drinking increased considerably in the middle and late adulthood years.
B)   Substance abuse among older adults is an "invisible epidemic" in the United States.
C)   The frequency of binge drinking (defined as four or more drinks for women and five or more drinks for men on one occasion in the past 30 days)  was lowest among older adults.
D)   Screening questionnaires are appropriate for eliminating substance abuse among older adults.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Color vision declines with age because of

Accepted Answer

A)   the yellowing of the lens of the eye.
B)   a decline in the effectiveness of the cones to discriminate colors.
C)   cataracts preventing certain parts of the light spectrum from entering the lens of the eye.
D)   a reduction in the light entering the peripheral area of the visual field.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

If born today in the United States, which of the following persons would have the highest life expectancy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jerome who is an African American male
B)   Larry who is a non-Latino White male
C)   Miranda who is an African American female
D)   Susanna who is a Latino femaleE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with

Accepted Answer

A)   Parkinson disease.
B)   Alzheimer disease.
C)   dementia other than Alzheimer disease.
D)   brain cancer.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

According to a study by Coleman that compared the brains of adults at various ages, from the 40s through the 70s, the

Accepted Answer

A)   growth of dendrites increased.
B)   growth of dendrites decreased.
C)   number of axons increased.
D)   number of neurons increased.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Why does night driving become especially difficult in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A)   because of diminishing sensitivity to contrasts and reduced tolerance for glare
B)   because of the decline in color vision
C)   because of increased tolerance for glare and increased sensitivity to contrasts
D)   because of the expanding area of the visual fieldE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following reflects the attitudes of health care providers for older adults?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are mostly untrained in geriatric care and thus prove inefficient.
B)   They share society's stereotypes and negative attitudes toward older adults.
C)   They are mostly young and thus relate better to younger patients.
D)   They are mostly underpaid and thus lack motivation in providing services.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

The majority of older adults aged 80 and over

Accepted Answer

A)   continue to live in the community.
B)   live in some sort of assisted living situation.
C)   report that their health is excellent or good.
D)   have major health problems that limit their activity.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Aaron is a healthy, 65-year-old man. Compared with his 24-year-old son Harry, Aaron has much less brain volume. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this difference?

Accepted Answer

A)   Harry has a lower number of synapses than Aaron has.
B)   Aaron is experiencing shrinkage of neurons.
C)   Harry has reduced tree-like branching in the dendrites of his brain.
D)   Aaron has a thicker corpus callosum than Harry has.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

What is the term that refers to the maximum number of years an individual can live?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the term that refers to...

Question 19

________ theory states that aging is due to the decay of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Free-radical; oxygen molecules
B)   Mitochondrial; mitochondria
C)   Stress; nutrients
D)   Free-radical; mitochondriaE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following is true of changes in touch and pain sensitivity in older adults?

Accepted Answer

A)   The most frequent pain complaints of older adults are back pain, peripheral neuropathic pain, and chronic joint pain.
B)   With aging, individuals could detect touch less in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities.
C)   Older adults are more sensitive to pain than are younger adults.
D)   Increased sensitivity to pain can help older adults cope with disease and injury.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 17: Physical Development in Late Adulthood

Which of the following is true of substance abuse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a leading cause of blindness in older adults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the term that refers to the maximum number of years an individual can live?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following reflects the attitudes of health care providers for older adults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes sirtuins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a similarity between cellular clock, free-radical, and mitochondrial theories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a major antioxidant vitamin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following biological reasons explains women's increased resistance to infections and degenerative diseases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Color vision declines with age because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If born today in the United States, which of the following persons would have the highest life expectancy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ theory states that aging is due to the decay of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does night driving become especially difficult in late adulthood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reductions in ________ have been linked to small declines in memory functioning and to the severe memory loss associated with Alzheimer disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aaron is a healthy, 65-year-old man. Compared with his 24-year-old son Harry, Aaron has much less brain volume. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this difference?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The neurotransmitter ________, which helps control the preciseness of the signal sent from one neuron to another, decreases with aging.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The majority of older adults aged 80 and over

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to a study by Coleman that compared the brains of adults at various ages, from the 40s through the 70s, the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of changes in touch and pain sensitivity in older adults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the ways cells divide, Hayflick places the upper limit of the human life-span potential at about ________ years of age.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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theory states that aging is due to the decay of .

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